Farashin OCTGana amfani da su ne wajen hako rijiyoyin mai da iskar gas da jigilar mai da iskar gas. Ya hada da bututun hako mai, rumbun mai, da bututun hako mai.Farashin OCTGana amfani da su ne musamman don haɗa ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa da ƙwanƙwasa da watsa wutar haƙori.Akan yi amfani da kwandon man fetur ne wajen tallafawa rijiyoyin rijiyar yayin da ake hakowa da kuma bayan kammalawa, don tabbatar da yadda rijiyar mai baki daya ke aiki yadda ya kamata yayin aikin hakar mai da kuma bayan kammalawa. Man da iskar gas da ke kasan rijiyar mai ana kai su ne ta hanyar bututun mai.
Rukunin mai shine hanyar rayuwa don ci gaba da aikin rijiyoyin mai. Saboda yanayi daban-daban na yanayin ƙasa, yanayin damuwa na ƙarƙashin ƙasa yana da rikitarwa, kuma haɗakar tasirin tashin hankali, matsawa, lanƙwasa, da damuwa da damuwa akan jikin casing yana haifar da manyan buƙatu don ingancin casing ɗin kanta. Da zarar kwandon kanta ya lalace saboda wasu dalilai, yana iya haifar da raguwar samarwa ko ma yashe rijiyar gaba ɗaya.
Dangane da ƙarfin karfen da kansa, ana iya raba casing zuwa nau'ikan ƙarfe daban-daban, wato J55, K55, N80, L80, C90, T95, P110, Q125, V150, da dai sauransu. Ƙarfin da aka yi amfani da shi ya bambanta dangane da yanayin rijiyar da zurfin. A cikin mahalli masu lalata, ana kuma buƙatar cewa kwandon kanta yana da juriyar lalata. A cikin wuraren da ke da rikitattun yanayin yanayin ƙasa, ana kuma buƙatar kashin ɗin yana da aikin hana rushewa.
I.Babban ilimin OCTG Pipe
1. Sharuɗɗa na musamman masu alaƙa da bayanin bututun mai
API: shi ne taƙaitaccen Cibiyar Man Fetur ta Amurka.
OCTG: Shi ne takaitaccen kayyakin Tubular na Oil Country, wanda ke nufin bututun da ya dace da mai, wanda ya hada da kwandon mai da aka gama da shi, bututun hakowa, kwalabe, hoops, gajerun hanyoyin hadin gwiwa da sauransu.
Tushen Mai: Tub ɗin da ake amfani da shi a rijiyoyin mai don hakar mai, haƙon iskar gas, allurar ruwa da karyewar acid.
Casing: Bututun da aka sauke daga saman ƙasa zuwa cikin rijiyar burtsatse da aka haƙa a matsayin layin layi don hana rushewar bangon rijiyar.
Bututun hakowa: Bututun da ake amfani da su don hako rijiyoyin burtsatse.
Bututun layi: bututun da ake amfani da shi don jigilar mai ko iskar gas.
Cylinders: Ana amfani da silinda don haɗa bututu masu zaren guda biyu tare da zaren ciki.
Abun haɗawa: bututun da ake amfani da shi don kera kayan haɗin gwiwa.
API Threads: Zaren bututu da aka ƙayyade ta daidaitattun API 5B, gami da zaren zagaye na bututu mai, gajeriyar zaren zagaye, casing dogon zaren, casing na trapezoidal zaren, zaren bututun layi da sauransu.
Buckle na Musamman: Zaren da ba API ba tare da kaddarorin rufewa na musamman, kaddarorin haɗi da sauran kaddarorin.
Kasawa: nakasawa, karaya, lalacewa da asarar aikin asali a ƙarƙashin takamaiman yanayin sabis. Babban nau'ikan gazawar rumbun mai sune: extrusion, zamewa, fashewa, yabo, lalata, haɗin gwiwa, sawa da sauransu.
2. Ma'auni masu alaka da man fetur
API.
API 5D: Ƙayyadaddun bututu (sabuwar sigar bugu na 5)
API 5L: ƙayyadaddun bututun ƙarfe na bututun bututu (sabuwar sigar bugu na 44th)
API 5B: Ƙayyadaddun ƙira, aunawa da dubawa na casing, bututun mai da zaren bututun layi
GB/T 9711.1-1997: Yanayin fasaha don isar da bututun ƙarfe don jigilar masana'antar mai da iskar gas Kashi 1: Grade A bututun ƙarfe
GB/T9711.2-1999: Yanayin fasaha na isar da bututun ƙarfe don jigilar masana'antar mai da iskar gas Kashi 2: Grade B bututun ƙarfe
GB/T9711.3-2005: Sharuɗɗan Fasaha na Isar da Bututun Karfe don jigilar Man Fetur da Masana'antar Gas Sashe na 3: Grade C Bututun Karfe
Ⅱ. Bututun mai
1. Rarraba bututun mai
An raba bututun mai zuwa bututun da ba a damu ba (NU), tubing na waje (EU), da bututun haɗin gwiwa. Bututun da ba ya baci yana nufin ƙarshen bututun da aka zare ba tare da kauri ba kuma an sanye shi da haɗin gwiwa. Bututun Upset na waje yana nufin ƙarshen bututu guda biyu waɗanda aka yi kauri a waje, sa'an nan kuma zaren zare kuma an haɗa su da matsi. Haɗe-haɗen bututun haɗin gwiwa yana nufin bututun da ke haɗa kai tsaye ba tare da haɗawa ba, tare da zaren ɗaya ƙarshen ta hanyar zaren waje mai kauri a ciki sannan ɗayan ƙarshen zaren ta hanyar zaren ciki mai kauri na waje.
2.Gudanar da tubing
①, hakar mai da iskar gas: bayan an hako rijiyoyin mai da iskar gas da siminti, ana sanya bututun a cikin kwandon mai don fitar da mai da iskar gas zuwa ƙasa.
②, allurar ruwa: lokacin da matsa lamba na ƙasa bai isa ba, saka ruwa a cikin rijiyar ta bututu.
③, Tururi allura: A kan aiwatar da thermal dawo da kauri mai, tururi dole ne a shigar da rijiyar tare da insulated mai bututu.
(iv) Aciding da fracturing: A ƙarshen matakin haƙa rijiyoyi ko don inganta samar da rijiyoyin mai da iskar gas, ya zama dole a shigar da acidizing da fashe matsakaici ko waraka a cikin mai da iskar gas, kuma matsakaici da kayan warkewa ana jigilar su ta bututun mai.
3.Karfe na bututun mai
Karfe maki na bututun mai sune: H40, J55, N80, L80, C90, T95, P110.
N80 an kasu kashi N80-1 da N80Q, biyu ne guda tensile Properties na iri daya, biyu bambance-bambancen ne isar da matsayi da tasiri bambance-bambancen aiki, N80-1 bayarwa ta al'ada jihar ko lokacin da karshe mirgina zafin jiki ne mafi girma fiye da m zafin jiki Ar3 da tashin hankali raguwa bayan iska sanyaya, kuma za a iya amfani da su nemo madadin zuwa normalizing zafi-birgima, tasiri da kuma maras lalacewa gwaji; N80Q dole ne ya zama mai zafi (quenching da tempering) Maganin zafi, aikin tasiri ya kamata ya kasance daidai da tanadi na API 5CT, kuma ya kamata ya zama gwaji mara lalacewa.
An raba L80 zuwa L80-1, L80-9Cr da L80-13Cr. Kayayyakin inji da matsayin bayarwa iri ɗaya ne. Bambance-bambance a cikin amfani, wahalar samarwa da farashi, L80-1 don nau'in nau'in gabaɗaya, L80- 9Cr da L80-13Cr sune babban bututun juriya na lalata, wahalar samarwa, tsada, galibi ana amfani da su don rijiyoyin lalata mai nauyi.
An raba C90 da T95 zuwa nau'in 1 da nau'in 2, wato, C90-1, C90-2 da T95-1, T95-2.
4.Commonly amfani karfe sa, sa da kuma bayarwa matsayi na man bututu
Matsayin darajar Karfe
J55 bututun mai 37Mn5 bututu mai lebur: zafi mai birgima maimakon daidaitacce
Bututun mai mai kauri: cikakken tsayi ya daidaita bayan kauri.
N80-1 tubing 36Mn2V Flat-type tubing: zafi-birgima maimakon na al'ada
Bututun mai mai kauri: cikakken tsayi ya daidaita bayan kauri
N80-Q bututun mai 30Mn5 mai tsayi mai tsayi
L80-1 bututu mai 30Mn5 mai tsayi mai tsayi
P110 bututun mai 25CrMnMo mai tsayi mai tsayi
J55 hadawa 37Mn5 zafi birgima akan layi daidai
N80 hadawa 28MnTiB cikakken tsawon zafi
L80-1 hadawa 28MnTiB cikakken tsawon zafin jiki
P110 Matsala 25CrMnMo Cikakkun Tsawon Hasashen
Ⅲ. Casing
1. rarrabuwa da rawar casing
Casing bututun ƙarfe ne wanda ke tallafawa bangon rijiyoyin mai da iskar gas. Ana amfani da nau'i-nau'i da yawa na casing a kowace rijiya bisa ga zurfin hakowa daban-daban da yanayin yanayin ƙasa. Ana amfani da siminti wajen yin siminti bayan an sauke shi a cikin rijiyar, kuma ba kamar bututun mai da bututun hakowa ba, ba za a iya sake amfani da shi ba kuma yana cikin kayan da ake iya zubarwa. Saboda haka, yawan amfani da casing yana da fiye da kashi 70% na dukkan bututun rijiyar mai. Za a iya karkasa casing zuwa: magudanar ruwa, casing na saman ƙasa, kas ɗin fasaha da kaskon mai gwargwadon yadda ake amfani da shi, kuma ana nuna tsarinsu a rijiyoyin mai a ƙasan hoto.
2.Conductor casing
galibi ana amfani da su don hakowa a cikin teku da hamada don raba ruwan teku da yashi don tabbatar da ci gaba mai kyau na hakowa, mahimman bayanai na wannan Layer na 2.casing sune: Φ762mm (30in) × 25.4mm, Φ762mm (30in) × 19.06mm.
Rubutun saman: Ana amfani da shi ne don hakowa na farko, yin hakowa a buɗe saman tudun da ke kwance zuwa gadon gadon, don rufe wannan ɓangaren mashin ɗin daga faɗuwa, ana buƙatar rufe shi da murfin saman. Babban ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun kayan aikin shimfidar wuri: 508mm (20in), 406.4mm (16in), 339.73mm (13-3 / 8in), 273.05mm (10-3 / 4in), 244.48mm (9-5 / 9in), da sauransu. Zurfin ƙananan bututu ya dogara da zurfin kwancen stratum, wanda shine yawanci 80 ~ 1500 m. Matsalolinsa na waje da na ciki ba su da girma, kuma gabaɗaya yana ɗaukar darajar ƙarfe K55 ko ƙimar ƙarfe N80.
3.Technical casing
Ana amfani da casing na fasaha a cikin aikin hakowa na hadadden tsari. Lokacin cin karo da hadaddun sassa kamar rugujewar Layer, mai mai, gas Layer, ruwa Layer, leakage Layer, gishiri manna Layer, da dai sauransu, ya zama dole a ajiye da fasaha da casing don rufe shi, in ba haka ba za a iya yin hakowa. Wasu rijiyoyin suna da zurfi da kuma hadaddun, kuma zurfin rijiyar ya kai dubban mita, irin wannan zurfin rijiyoyin suna buƙatar saukar da nau'i-nau'i na kayan aikin fasaha, kayan aikin injiniya da kuma abubuwan da ake bukata na aiki suna da yawa, amfani da ma'auni na karfe kuma ya fi girma, ban da K55, fiye da amfani da N80 da P110 grades, wasu zurfin rijiyoyin kuma ana amfani da su a cikin mafi girma na Q10.5 kamar yadda V10.5. Babban ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun kayan kwalliyar fasaha sune: 339.73 Babban ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun kayan kwalliyar fasaha sune kamar haka: 339.73mm (13-3 / 8in), 273.05mm (10-3 / 4in), 244.48mm (9-5/8in), 219.08mm (8-5/3-in) 8mm (8-5/8-in) 177.8mm (7in) da sauransu.
4. Tushen mai
Lokacin da aka haƙa rijiya zuwa wurin da aka nufa (rufin da ke ɗauke da mai da iskar gas), wajibi ne a yi amfani da kas ɗin mai don rufe murfin mai da iskar gas da kuma saman da aka fallasa, kuma cikin rumbun mai shine Layer na mai. Rukunin mai a cikin kowane nau'in casing a cikin zurfin rijiyar, kayan aikin injinsa da buƙatun aikin hatimi suma sun fi girma, yin amfani da ƙimar ƙarfe K55, N80, P110, Q125, V150 da sauransu. Babban bayani dalla-dalla na samuwar casing ne: 177.8mm (7in), 168.28mm (6-5 / 8in), 139.7mm (5-1 / 2in), 127mm (5in), 114.3mm (4-1 / 2in), da dai sauransu The casing ne mafi zurfi a cikin kowane irin na rijiyoyin, da kuma yi da inji.
V.Drill bututu
1. Rarraba da rawar da bututu don hakowa kayan aikin
Bututun rawar soja mai murabba'i, bututun rawar soja, bututu mai nauyi mai nauyi da kwalawar rawar soja a cikin kayan aikin hakowa suna samar da bututun rawar soja. Bututun bututun shine babban kayan aikin hakowa da ke fitar da bututun daga kasa zuwa kasan rijiyar, sannan kuma tashar ce daga kasa zuwa kasan rijiyar. Yana da manyan ayyuka guda uku: ① canja wurin juzu'i don fitar da ɗigon rawar soja don rawar soja; ② dogaro da nauyinsa don yin matsin lamba akan bututun da zai karya dutsen da ke kasan rijiyar; ③ isar da ruwan wankan rijiyar, wato hakowar laka ta cikin kasa ta famfunan laka mai tsananin matsa lamba, a cikin rijiyar burtsatse na ginshikin hakowa don kwarara cikin kasan rijiyar don zubar da tarkacen dutsen da kwantar da tarkacen, sannan a dauki tarkacen dutsen ta cikin sararin annular tsakanin farfajiyar waje na ginshikin da bangon rijiyar, don haka a cim ma burin rijiyar. Shuka bututu a cikin aikin hakowa don jure nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan juzu'i daban-daban, kamar juzu'i, matsawa, tarwatsewa, lankwasa da sauran matsalolin, saman ciki kuma yana fuskantar babban matsin laka da lalata.
(1) bututu mai murabba'i: bututu mai murabba'i yana da nau'i nau'i biyu na nau'i hudu da nau'in hexagonal, sandar hako mai na kasar Sin kowane ginshikin hakowa yakan yi amfani da bututu mai nau'in hudu. Ƙayyadaddunsa sune: 63.5mm (2-1 / 2in), 88.9mm (3-1 / 2in), 107.95mm (4-1 / 4in), 133.35mm (5-1 / 4in), 152.4mm (6in) da sauransu. Yawanci tsawon da ake amfani da shi shine 12 ~ 14.5m.
(2) Bututun hakowa: Bututun hakowa shine babban kayan aikin hako rijiyoyin, wanda ake haɗa shi da ƙasan ƙarshen bututun haƙon murabba'i, kuma yayin da rijiyar haƙa ta ci gaba da zurfafawa, bututun ya ci gaba da tsawaita ginshiƙin haƙori ɗaya bayan ɗaya. Ƙayyadaddun bututun rawar soja sune: 60.3mm (2-3 / 8in), 73.03mm (2-7 / 8in), 88.9mm (3-1 / 2in), 114.3mm (4-1 / 2in), 127mm (5in), 139.7mm (5-1/2in) da sauransu.
(3) Bututu mai Nauyi: Bututu mai nauyi kayan aiki ne na wucin gadi wanda ke haɗa bututun rawar soja da abin wuya, wanda zai iya inganta yanayin ƙarfin bututun haƙori tare da ƙara matsa lamba akan bututun rawar soja. Babban ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bututu mai nauyi shine 88.9mm (3-1 / 2in) da 127mm (5in).
(4) Drill Collar: Ana haɗa ƙwanƙarar ƙwanƙwasa da ƙananan ɓangaren bututun, wanda bututu ne na musamman mai kauri mai kauri mai tsayi mai tsayi, yana matsa lamba akan na'urar don karya dutsen, kuma yana iya taka rawar jagora yayin hako rijiyoyin madaidaiciya. Ƙididdigar ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun abin wuya sune: 158.75mm (6-1 / 4in), 177.85mm (7in), 203.2mm (8in), 228.6mm (9in) da sauransu.
V. Bututun layi
1. Rarraba bututun layi
Ana amfani da bututun layi a cikin masana'antar mai da iskar gas don jigilar mai, mai mai mai, iskar gas da bututun ruwa tare da bututun ƙarfe a takaice. Ana raba jigilar bututun mai da iskar gas zuwa babban bututun mai, bututun reshe da bututun sadarwar bututun na birni iri uku, babban layin watsa bututun da aka saba da shi don ∮ 406 ~ 1219mm, kaurin bango na 10 ~ 25mm, karfe X42 ~ X80; bututun reshe da bututun cibiyar sadarwa na birni na ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bututun # 114 ~ 700mm, kaurin bango na 6 ~ 20mm, ƙimar ƙarfe X42 ~ X80. Abubuwan da aka saba don bututun mai ciyarwa da bututun birni sune 114-700mm, kaurin bango 6-20mm, ƙimar ƙarfe X42-X80.
Bututun layi yana da bututun ƙarfe na welded, kuma yana da bututun ƙarfe maras sumul, ana amfani da bututun ƙarfe mai walda fiye da bututun ƙarfe maras sumul.
2. Line bututu misali
Line bututu misali ne API 5L "bututu karfe bututu bayani dalla-dalla", amma kasar Sin a 1997 promulgated biyu kasa matsayin ga bututu bututu: GB / T9711.1-1997 "man da iskar gas masana'antu, na farko na fasaha yanayi na isar da karfe bututu: A-sa karfe bututu" da kuma GB / T9711.2-1997 GB / T9711.2-1997 da kuma GB / T9711.2-1997, fasaha yanayi na karfe da iskar gas masana'antu: na biyu karfe da iskar gas masana'antu. pipe". Karfe Pipe", waɗannan ka'idoji guda biyu sun yi daidai da API 5L, yawancin masu amfani da gida suna buƙatar wadatar waɗannan ƙa'idodin ƙasa guda biyu.
3. Game da PSL1 da PSL2
PSL shine taƙaitaccen matakin ƙayyadaddun samfur. Line bututu ƙayyadaddun matakin an kasu kashi PSL1 da PSL2, kuma za a iya ce cewa ingancin matakin ya kasu PSL1 da PSL2. PSL1 shine mafi girma fiye da PSL2, matakin ƙayyadaddun 2 ba kawai buƙatun gwaji daban-daban ba ne, kuma abubuwan da ke tattare da sinadarai, buƙatun kayan aikin injiniya daban-daban, don haka bisa ga tsari na API 5L, sharuɗɗan kwangilar ban da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙarfe, ƙimar ƙarfe da sauran alamomi na yau da kullun, amma kuma dole ne ya nuna matakin ƙayyadaddun samfurin, wato, PSL1 ko PSL2.
PSL2 a cikin abun da ke cikin sinadarai, kaddarorin mai ƙarfi, ikon tasiri, gwaji mara lalacewa da sauran alamomi sun fi PSL1 ƙarfi.
4, Pipeline bututu karfe sa da sinadaran abun da ke ciki
Line bututu karfe sa daga low zuwa high an kasu kashi: A25, A, B, X42, X46, X52, X60, X65, X70 da kuma X80.
5, layin bututu ruwa matsa lamba da mara lalacewa bukatun
Bututun layi ya kamata a yi reshe ta hanyar gwajin hydraulic reshe, kuma ƙayyadaddun ba ya ƙyale tsararrun matsi na hydraulic mara lalacewa, wanda kuma babban bambanci ne tsakanin ma'aunin API da ka'idodin mu.
PSL1 baya buƙatar gwaji mara lalacewa, PSL2 yakamata ya zama reshen gwaji mara lalacewa ta reshe.
VI.Premium Connection
1, Gabatarwa na Premium Connection
Kulle na musamman ya bambanta da zaren API tare da tsari na musamman na zaren bututu. Ko da yake ana amfani da casing ɗin mai na API ɗin da ake amfani da shi sosai a cikin rijiyar mai, ana nuna ƙarancinsa a sarari a cikin yanayi na musamman na wasu filayen mai: ginshiƙin bututu mai zagaye na API, kodayake aikin hatiminsa ya fi kyau, ƙarfin ƙarfin da ke ɗaukar ɓangaren zaren yana daidai da 60% zuwa 80% na ƙarfin bututun, don haka ba za a iya amfani da shi a cikin zurfin fashewa ba; ginshiƙin bututun trapezoidal na API mai son zuciya, aikin juzu'i na ɓangaren da aka zare yana daidai da ƙarfin jikin bututu, don haka ba za a iya amfani da shi a cikin rijiyoyi masu zurfi ba; API mai nuna son zuciya na trapezoidal threaded bututun bututu, aikin jujjuyawar sa ba shi da kyau. Ko da yake aikin tensile na ginshiƙi yana da girma fiye da na haɗin zaren zagaye na API, aikin rufewa ba shi da kyau sosai, don haka ba za a iya amfani da shi ba wajen cin gajiyar rijiyoyin iskar gas mai ƙarfi; Bugu da kari, da threaded man shafawa iya kawai taka rawa a cikin yanayi tare da zafin jiki a kasa 95 ℃, don haka ba za a iya amfani da a cikin amfani da high-zazzabi rijiyoyin.
Idan aka kwatanta da zaren zagaye na API da haɗin zaren trapezoidal na ɓangare, Haɗin Premium ya sami ci gaba a cikin abubuwa masu zuwa:
(1) kyakyawan hatimi, ta hanyar ƙirar ƙirar roba da ƙarfe na ƙarfe, ta yadda haɗin haɗin iskar gas ɗin haɗin gwiwa ya kai ga iyakar jikin tubing a cikin matsin lamba;
(2) babban ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa, tare da haɗin haɗin Premium Connection na rumbun mai, ƙarfin haɗin kai ya kai ko ya zarce ƙarfin jikin tubing, don magance matsalar zamewa ta asali;
(3) ta hanyar zaɓin kayan abu da ingantaccen tsari na jiyya, ainihin warware matsalar zaren mannewa;
(4) ta hanyar inganta tsarin, don haka rarraba haɗin gwiwar haɗin gwiwa ya fi dacewa, mafi dacewa da juriya ga lalata damuwa;
(5) ta hanyar tsarin kafada na ma'auni mai ma'ana, don haka a kan aikin kullun yana da sauƙin aiwatarwa.
A halin yanzu, duniya ta haɓaka fiye da nau'ikan haɗin kai sama da 100 tare da fasahar haƙƙin mallaka.
Lokacin aikawa: Fabrairu-21-2024