Tsatsa ita ce lalata ko lalacewar kayan aiki ko halayensu da muhalli ke haifarwa. Yawancin tsatsa suna faruwa ne a cikin yanayin yanayi, wanda ke ɗauke da abubuwan da ke lalata muhalli da abubuwan da ke lalata muhalli kamar iskar oxygen, danshi, canjin yanayin zafi da gurɓatattun abubuwa.
Tsatsa mai zagaye wata matsala ce da ta fi shafar yanayi. Tsatsa mai zagaye a saman kayan ƙarfe ta faru ne saboda ions ɗin chloride da ke cikin saman ƙarfe na Layer ɗin da aka yi oxidized da kuma Layer mai kariya na shigar saman ƙarfe da kuma amsawar lantarki ta ƙarfe ta ciki da ke haifar da hakan. A lokaci guda, ions ɗin chlorine suna ɗauke da wani makamashin ruwa, mai sauƙin shaƙa a cikin ramukan saman ƙarfe, tsagewa sun cika kuma suna maye gurbin iskar oxygen a cikin Layer ɗin oxide, oxides marasa narkewa zuwa chlorides masu narkewa, don haka yanayin saman ya shiga cikin saman mai aiki.
Gwajin Tsabtace Tsabta wani nau'in gwajin muhalli ne wanda galibi ake amfani da shi wajen amfani da kayan gwajin Tsabtace Tsabtace Tsabtace Tsabtace Tsabtace Tsabtace Tsabtace Tsabtace Tsabtace Tsabtace Tsabtace Tsabtace Tsabtace Tsabtace Tsabtace Tsabtace Tsabtace Tsabtace Tsabtace Tsabtace Tsabtace Tsabtace Tsabtace Kayayyaki ko kayan ƙarfe. An raba shi zuwa rukuni biyu, ɗaya don gwajin fallasa muhalli na halitta, ɗayan kuma don kwaikwayon gaggawa na wucin gadi na gwajin muhalli na Tsabtace ...
Kwaikwayon wucin gadi na gwajin muhalli na Cyclic Corrosion shine amfani da wani adadin kayan aikin gwajin sararin samaniya - ɗakin gwajin Cyclic Corrosion (Hoto), a cikin girman sararin samaniya tare da hanyoyin wucin gadi, wanda ke haifar da yanayin Cyclic Corrosion don tantance ingancin juriyar lalata na Cyclic Corrosion na samfurin.
Ana kwatanta shi da muhallin halitta, yawan gishirin chloride na muhallin da ke kewaye da shi, zai iya zama sau da yawa ko sau da yawa fiye da yanayin halitta gabaɗaya. Yawan lalata yana ƙaruwa sosai, gwajin lalata yana kan samfurin, lokacin da za a samu sakamakon kuma yana raguwa sosai. Kamar a yanayin fallasa na halitta don gwajin samfurin samfuri, lalatarsa na iya ɗaukar shekara 1, yayin da a cikin kwaikwayon wucin gadi na yanayin muhalli na lalata mai kewaye, har zuwa awanni 24, za ku iya samun sakamako iri ɗaya.
Za a iya raba lalata mai zagaye zuwa rukuni huɗu ta hanyar kwaikwayon dakin gwaje-gwaje
(1)Gwajin Tsabtace Tsabta Mai Tsauri (NSS)wata hanya ce ta gwajin tsatsa mai sauri wadda ta bayyana a farko kuma a halin yanzu ita ce mafi yawan amfani. Tana amfani da maganin sodium chloride saline 5%, ƙimar PH na maganin da aka daidaita a cikin kewayon tsaka tsaki (6.5 ~ 7.2) a matsayin mafita don fesawa. Ana ɗaukar zafin gwajin 35 ℃, ƙimar daidaitawa na buƙatun tsatsa mai zagaye a cikin 1 ~ 2ml/80cm / awa.
(2)Gwajin Tsabtace Tsabta Mai Sauƙi (ASS)Ana haɓaka shi bisa ga gwajin lalata cyclic neutral. Ana yin hakan ne don ƙara ɗan glacial acetic acid a cikin maganin sodium chloride 5%, ta yadda ƙimar PH na maganin zai ragu zuwa kusan 3, maganin zai zama acidic, kuma samuwar ƙarshe na Cyclic Corrosion shi ma zai canza daga Cyclic Corrosion neutral zuwa acidic. Yawan tsatsarsa ya ninka gwajin NSS sau 3 cikin sauri.
(3)Gishirin jan ƙarfe ya hanzarta gwajin lalata cyclic acid (gwajin CASS)sabuwar gwajin lalata mai saurin cyclic corrosion ce ta ƙasashen waje, zafin gwajin na 50 ℃, maganin gishiri tare da ƙaramin adadin gishirin jan ƙarfe - jan ƙarfe chloride, wanda aka haifar da tsatsa mai ƙarfi. Yawan tsatsarsa ya ninka gwajin NSS sau 8.
(4)Gwajin Tsabtace Tsabta Mai SauƙiGwajin Tsabtace ...
Sakamakon gwajin da aka yi na gwajin lalata cyclic corrosion gabaɗaya ana bayar da shi ta hanyar inganci maimakon ta hanyar adadi. Akwai hanyoyi guda huɗu na hukunci.
①hanyar yanke hukunci kan ƙimashine yankin tsatsa da kuma jimlar yankin rabon kashi bisa ga wata hanya ta raba zuwa matakai da dama, zuwa wani mataki a matsayin tushen hukunci mai cancanta, ya dace da samfuran da aka yi amfani da su don kimantawa.
②hanyar auna hukunciyana ta hanyar nauyin samfurin kafin da kuma bayan gwajin tsatsa, yana ƙididdige nauyin asarar tsatsa don yin hukunci akan ingancin juriyar tsatsa na samfurin, ya dace musamman don kimanta ingancin juriyar tsatsa na ƙarfe.
③hanyar tantance kamannin da ke lalatahanya ce ta tantance inganci, ita ce gwajin lalata ta Cyclic, ko samfurin ya samar da matsalar lalata don tantance samfurin, galibi ana amfani da ƙa'idodin samfura gabaɗaya a cikin wannan hanyar.
④Hanyar nazarin kididdigar bayanai na lalatawayana ba da ƙirar gwaje-gwajen tsatsa, nazarin bayanan tsatsa, bayanan tsatsa don tantance matakin amincewa na hanyar, wanda galibi ana amfani da shi don nazarin, ƙididdigar tsatsa, maimakon musamman don takamaiman hukunci na ingancin samfur.
Gwajin lalata mai zagaye na bakin karfe
An ƙirƙiro gwajin lalata mai zagaye a farkon ƙarni na ashirin, shine mafi daɗewa da aka yi amfani da shi wajen "gwajin lalata", kayan da masu amfani ke amfani da su sosai, sun zama gwajin "duniya". Manyan dalilan sune kamar haka: ① yana adana lokaci; ② ƙarancin farashi; ③ na iya gwada nau'ikan kayan aiki iri-iri; ④ sakamakon yana da sauƙi kuma bayyananne, yana da kyau ga warware takaddamar kasuwanci.
A aikace, gwajin lalata na bakin karfe mai zagaye shine mafi shahara - awanni nawa wannan kayan aikin zai iya gwada lalata na zagaye? Dole ne masu aikin ba su zama baƙo ga wannan tambayar ba.
Masu sayar da kayan yawanci suna amfani da surashin yardamagani koinganta yanayin gogewar saman, da sauransu, don inganta lokacin gwajin lalata na bakin karfe. Duk da haka, mafi mahimmancin abin da ke tantancewa shine abun da ke cikin bakin karfen da kansa, watau abun da ke cikin chromium, molybdenum da nickel.
Mafi girman abun da ke cikin abubuwan guda biyu, chromium da molybdenum, haka nan ƙarfin aikin tsatsa da ake buƙata don tsayayya da tsatsa da tsatsa a cikin rami ya fara bayyana. Wannan juriyar tsatsa yana bayyana ne ta hanyar abin da ake kiraDaidaita juriyar PittingDarajar (PRE): PRE = %Cr + 3.3 x %Mo.
Duk da cewa nickel ba ya ƙara juriyar ƙarfe ga tsatsa da tsatsa, yana iya rage saurin tsatsa bayan fara aikin tsatsa. Saboda haka, ƙarfe masu ɗauke da austenitic waɗanda ke ɗauke da nickel suna yin aiki mafi kyau a gwaje-gwajen tsatsa, kuma suna yin tsatsa sosai fiye da ƙarfe masu ƙarancin nickel waɗanda ke da juriya iri ɗaya ga tsatsa.
Takaitattun Bayanai: Ga misali 304, tsatsa mai tsatsa mai tsatsa mai tsatsa yawanci yana tsakanin awanni 48 zuwa 72; ga misali 316, tsatsa mai tsatsa mai tsatsa mai tsatsa yawanci yana tsakanin awanni 72 zuwa 120.
Ya kamata a lura cewaLallaiLalata Mai Zagayegwajin yana da manyan rashin amfani yayin gwada kaddarorin bakin karfe.Yawan sinadarin chloride da ke cikin Cyclic Corrosion a cikin gwajin Cyclic Corrosion ya yi yawa sosai, ya zarce yanayin da ake ciki a zahiri, don haka bakin karfe wanda zai iya tsayayya da tsatsa a cikin yanayin da ake amfani da shi tare da ƙarancin sinadarin chloride shi ma zai lalace a cikin gwajin Cyclic Corrosion.
Gwajin lalata mai zagaye yana canza yanayin lalata na bakin karfe, ba za a iya ɗaukarsa a matsayin gwaji mai sauri ko gwajin kwaikwayo ba. Sakamakon yana da gefe ɗaya kuma ba shi da alaƙa daidai da ainihin aikin bakin karfe wanda aka fara amfani da shi a ƙarshe.
Don haka za mu iya amfani da gwajin lalata na Cyclic don kwatanta juriyar tsatsa na nau'ikan ƙarfe daban-daban, amma wannan gwajin yana iya kimanta kayan ne kawai. Lokacin zabar kayan ƙarfe na bakin ƙarfe musamman, gwajin lalata na Cyclic kaɗai ba yawanci yana ba da isasshen bayani ba, saboda ba mu da isasshen fahimtar alaƙar da ke tsakanin yanayin gwaji da yanayin aikace-aikacen gaske.
Saboda wannan dalili, ba zai yiwu a kimanta tsawon lokacin sabis na samfuri ba bisa ga gwajin Cyclic Corrosion na samfurin bakin karfe.
Bugu da ƙari, ba zai yiwu a yi kwatantawa tsakanin nau'ikan ƙarfe daban-daban ba, misali, ba za mu iya kwatanta ƙarfen bakin ƙarfe da ƙarfen carbon mai rufi ba, saboda hanyoyin tsatsa na kayan biyu da aka yi amfani da su a gwajin sun bambanta sosai, kuma alaƙar da ke tsakanin sakamakon gwajin da ainihin yanayin da za a yi amfani da samfurin ba iri ɗaya ba ce.
Lokacin Saƙo: Nuwamba-06-2023