Menene flange?
Flange a takaice, kalma ce ta gaba daya, yawanci tana nufin wani nau'in karfe mai siffar faifai don buɗe ƴan tsayayyen ramuka, ana amfani da su don haɗa wasu abubuwa, irin wannan abu ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin injina, don haka yana da ɗan ban mamaki, kamar muddin ana kiranta da flange, sunansa ya samo asali ne daga harshen Ingilishi.don haka bututu da haɗin haɗin ɓangarorin, an haɗa su zuwa ƙarshen bututun, flange yana da buɗaɗɗen bututu, sukurori don yin flanges biyu An haɗa su sosai, tsakanin flange tare da hatimin gasket.
Flange sassa ne mai siffa faifai, wanda aka fi sani da aikin injiniyan bututun, ana amfani da flange bibiyu.
Game da nau'ikan haɗin flange, akwai abubuwa uku:
- Bututu flanges
- Gaske
- Haɗin Bolt
A mafi yawan lokuta, akwai takamaiman gasket da abin rufewa da aka samo wanda aka yi daga abu ɗaya kamar ɓangaren flange na bututu.Mafi na kowa flanges ne bakin karfe flanges.Flanges, a gefe guda, suna samuwa a cikin nau'o'i daban-daban don dacewa da bukatun shafin.Wasu kayan flange na yau da kullun sune monel, inconel, da chrome molybdenum, dangane da ainihin buƙatun rukunin yanar gizon.Mafi kyawun zaɓi na kayan yakamata ya dogara da nau'in tsarin da kuke son amfani da flange tare da takamaiman buƙatu.
Nau'o'in Flange 7 gama gari
Akwai nau'ikan flange daban-daban waɗanda za'a iya zaɓa bisa ga buƙatun rukunin yanar gizon.Don dacewa da ƙirar flange mai kyau, aiki mai dogara da kuma tsawon rayuwar sabis dole ne a tabbatar da shi kuma ya kamata a yi la'akari da farashin da ya fi dacewa.
1. Zaren zare:
Ƙwayoyin da aka zana, waɗanda ke da zare a cikin ƙwayar flange, an haɗa su da zaren waje a kan dacewa.Haɗin da aka zare anan ana nufin gujewa walda a kowane yanayi.An haɗa shi ne ta hanyar zaren daidaitawa tare da bututun da za a saka.
2. Socket weld flanges
Irin wannan nau'in flange yawanci ana amfani dashi don ƙananan bututu inda diamita na ƙananan zafin jiki da ƙananan matsa lamba yana da alaƙa da haɗin da aka sanya bututu a cikin flange don tabbatar da haɗi tare da walƙiya ɗaya ko hanya mai yawa.Wannan yana guje wa ƙuntatawa masu alaƙa da zaren zaren idan aka kwatanta da sauran nau'ikan flange masu walda, don haka yin shigarwa mai sauƙi.
3. Hannun cinya
Flange na cinya wani nau'in flange ne wanda ke buƙatar ƙarshen stub ɗin ya kasance mai walƙiya-kwarya zuwa abin da ya dace domin a yi amfani da shi tare da flange na goyan baya don samar da haɗin kai.Wannan zane ya sanya wannan hanyar ta shahara a cikin nau'ikan tsarin da ke da iyakacin sararin samaniya, ko kuma inda ake buƙatar rarrabuwa akai-akai, ko kuma inda ake buƙatar kulawa mai girma.
4. Zamiya flanges
Flanges masu zamewa suna da yawa kuma ana samun su a cikin nau'ikan masu girma dabam don dacewa da tsarin tare da yawan kwararar ruwa da kayan aiki.Kawai daidaita flange zuwa diamita na waje na bututu yana sa haɗin kai cikin sauƙi don shigarwa.Shigar da waɗannan flanges ɗan fasaha ne kamar yadda yake buƙatar waldawar fillet a ɓangarorin biyu don tabbatar da flange zuwa bututu.
5. Makafi
Waɗannan nau'ikan flanges sun dace sosai don ƙarewar tsarin bututu.Farantin makafi yana da siffa kamar faifan faifai wanda za a iya kulle shi.Da zarar an shigar da waɗannan da kyau kuma an haɗa su tare da gasket daidai, yana ba da izinin hatimi mai kyau kuma yana da sauƙin cirewa lokacin da ake buƙata.
6. Weld Neck Flanges
Weld flanges sun yi kama da flanges na cinya, amma suna buƙatar walda don shigarwa.Kuma amincin aikin wannan tsarin da ikonsa na lankwasa sau da yawa kuma ana amfani dashi a cikin matsanancin matsin lamba da tsarin zafin jiki ya sa ya zama zaɓi na farko don aiwatar da bututun.
7. Flanges na musamman
Irin wannan flange shine mafi yawan sanannun.Koyaya, akwai ƙarin ƙarin nau'ikan flange na musamman waɗanda ke akwai don dacewa da amfani da mahalli iri-iri.Akwai wasu zaɓuɓɓuka daban-daban kamar su nipo flanges, weldo flanges, flanges na faɗaɗa, bangon bango, dogayen wuyoyin walda da flanges masu ragewa.
5 Nau'ikan Flange na Musamman
1. WeldoFlange
Weldo flange yayi kama da Nipo flange saboda shine haɗe-haɗe na flanges waldi da haɗin haɗin reshe.Weldo flanges ana yin su ne daga ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙarfe guda ɗaya, maimakon ɗaiɗaikun sassa ana haɗa su tare.
2. Nipo flange
Nipoflange bututu ne na reshe wanda ke karkata a kusurwar digiri 90, samfuri ne da aka ƙera ta hanyar haɗa flanges na walda da ƙirƙira Nipolet.Yayin da ake samun Nipo flange a matsayin wani yanki mai ƙarfi guda ɗaya na jabun ƙarfe, ba a fahimci samfuran biyu daban-daban waɗanda aka haɗa su tare ba. Shigar da Nipoflange ya ƙunshi walda zuwa sashin Nipolet na kayan aiki don gudanar da bututu da kulle flange. rabo zuwa stub bututu flange ta bututun ma'aikatan.
Yana da mahimmanci a san cewa flanges masu flanges suna samuwa a cikin nau'ikan kayan kamar carbon, m karfe da yawa, da maki mara nauyi, wanda ke taimakawa ba su ƙarin na'urori ƙarfi idan aka kwatanta da daidaitaccen Nipo flange.
3. Elboflange da Latroflange
An san Elboflange a matsayin haɗin flange da Elbolet yayin da Latroflange an san shi da haɗin flange da Latrolet.Ana amfani da flanges na gwiwar hannu don reshe bututu a kusurwar digiri 45.
4. Ƙunƙarar zobe mai jujjuyawa
Aikace-aikacen flanges na zoben swivel shine don sauƙaƙe daidaita ramukan kulle tsakanin filaye guda biyu, wanda ya fi taimakawa a yanayi da yawa, kamar shigar da manyan bututun diamita, bututun ruwa na ruwa ko na teku da makamantansu.Waɗannan nau'ikan flanges sun dace da buƙatun ruwa a cikin mai, gas, hydrocarbons, ruwa, sinadarai da sauran aikace-aikacen sarrafa man petrochemical da ruwa.
A cikin yanayin manyan bututun diamita, an saka bututun tare da madaidaicin walƙiya mai walƙiya a gefe ɗaya kuma a gefe guda.Wannan yana aiki ta hanyar jujjuya flange na swivel a kan bututun ta yadda mai aiki ya cimma daidaitattun ramukan kusoshi cikin sauƙi da sauri.
Wasu daga cikin manyan ma'auni na flanges na zobe sune ASME ko ANSI, DIN, BS, EN, ISO, da sauransu.Ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun ma'auni don aikace-aikacen petrochemical shine ANSI ko ASME B16.5 ko ASME B16.47.Swivel flanges flanges ne waɗanda za a iya amfani da su a duk daidaitattun sifofin flange gama gari.Misali, wuyoyin walda, zamewa, haɗin gwiwar cinya, welds soket, da dai sauransu, a cikin duk matakan kayan aiki, a cikin nau'ikan girma dabam daga 3/8 "zuwa 60", da matsin lamba daga 150 zuwa 2500. waɗannan flanges na iya zama cikin sauƙi. ƙirƙira daga carbon, gami, da bakin karfe.
5. Faɗawa flanges
Fadada flanges, ana amfani da su don ƙara girman bututu daga kowane wuri na musamman zuwa wani don haɗa bututun zuwa duk wani kayan aikin inji kamar famfo, compressors, da bawuloli waɗanda aka gano suna da girma dabam dabam.
Faɗawa flanges yawanci flanges-welded ne da ke da babban rami a ƙarshen da ba mai flanged ba.Ana iya amfani da shi don ƙara girman ɗaya ko biyu kawai ko har zuwa inci 4 zuwa bututun mai gudu.Irin waɗannan nau'ikan flanges an fi son su akan haɗakar da masu rage butt-weld da daidaitattun flanges saboda suna da arha da sauƙi.Ofaya daga cikin kayan yau da kullun da ake amfani da su don haɓaka flanges shine A105 da bakin karfe ASTM A182.
Faɗawa flanges suna samuwa a cikin matsa lamba ratings da kuma masu girma dabam daidai da ANSI ko ASME B16.5 bayani dalla-dalla, wanda da farko samuwa convex ko lebur (RF ko FF).Rage flanges, wanda kuma aka sani da rage flanges, yana aiki daidai da aikin kishiyar idan aka kwatanta da flanges na fadada, ma'ana ana amfani da su don rage girman bututu.Ana iya rage diamita na bututu mai gudu cikin sauƙi, amma ba fiye da girman 1 ko 2 ba.Idan an yi ƙoƙari don ragewa fiye da wannan, ya kamata a yi amfani da mafita dangane da haɗin gwiwar masu rage ƙwanƙwasa da madaidaicin flanges.
Girman Flange da Abubuwan Mahimmanci
Bugu da ƙari ga ƙirar aikin flange, girmansa shine abin da ya fi dacewa ya yi tasiri ga zaɓin flange lokacin ƙira, kulawa da sabunta tsarin bututu.Madadin haka, dole ne a ba da la'akari da ƙirar flange tare da bututu da gaskets da aka yi amfani da su don tabbatar da ƙimar da ta dace.Baya ga wannan, wasu abubuwan da aka saba gani sun hada da:
- Diamita na waje: Diamita na waje shine nisa tsakanin gefuna biyu masu gaba da juna na fuskar flange.
- Kauri: Ana auna kauri daga wajen baki.
- Diamita Da'irar Bolt: Wannan ita ce tazarar da ke tsakanin ramukan kullun dangi da aka auna daga tsakiya zuwa tsakiya.
- Girman Bututu: Girman bututu shine girman daidai da flange.
- Nominal Bore: Ƙaƙwalwar ƙira shine girman diamita na ciki na mai haɗin flange.
Rarraba Flange da Matsayin Sabis
Flanges an rarraba su da farko ta hanyar iya jure yanayin zafi daban-daban da matsi.An tsara ta ta hanyar amfani da haruffa ko kari "#", "lb" ko "class".Waɗannan suffixes ne masu musanyawa kuma suna bambanta ta yanki ko mai kaya.An jera rarrabuwar kawuna gama-gari:
- 150#
- 300#
- 600#
- 900#
- 1500#
- 2500#
Irin wannan matsa lamba da haƙurin zafin jiki sun bambanta dangane da kayan da aka yi amfani da su, ƙirar flange da girman flange.Koyaya, madaidaicin kawai shine ƙimar matsa lamba, wanda ke raguwa yayin da yawan zafin jiki ke ƙaruwa.
Nau'in Fuskar Flange
Nau'in fuska kuma alama ce mai mahimmanci wanda ke da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan aikin ƙarshe da rayuwar sabis na flange.Don haka, ana bincika wasu mahimman nau'ikan fuskokin flange a ƙasa:
1. Flat Flange (FF)
Fagen gasket na flange mai lebur yana cikin jirgin sama ɗaya da saman firam ɗin da aka kulle.Kayayyakin da ke amfani da flanges yawanci waɗanda aka ƙera su ne tare da gyare-gyare don dacewa da murfin flange ko flange.Kada a sanya flanges flanges a kan inverted gefen flanges.ASME B31.1 furta cewa a lokacin da shiga lebur simintin gyaran kafa ƙarfe flanges zuwa carbon karfe flanges, da tashe fuska a kan carbon karfe flanges dole ne a cire da cikakken fuska gasket ake bukata.Wannan shi ne don hana ƙananan ɓangarorin simintin simintin ƙarfe masu karyewa daga fantsama cikin ɓangarorin da aka yi ta hancin ƙyallen ƙarfe na carbon.
Ana amfani da wannan nau'in fuskar flange wajen kera kayan aiki da bawuloli don duk aikace-aikacen da aka kera baƙin ƙarfe.Ƙarfin simintin gyare-gyare ya fi karye kuma yawanci ana amfani dashi don ƙananan zafin jiki, ƙananan matsa lamba.Fuskar lebur tana ba da damar duka flanges don yin cikakkiyar tuntuɓar saman gaba ɗaya.Flat Flanges (FF) suna da wurin tuntuɓar wanda yake tsayi ɗaya da zaren ƙulle na flange.Ana amfani da cikakkiyar wankin fuska tsakanin filaye guda biyu masu laushi kuma yawanci suna da laushi.Dangane da ASME B31.3, ba za a haɗa flanges masu lebur tare da manyan flanges ba saboda yuwuwar yayyo daga haɗin haɗin flanged.
2. Flange-Fuskar Fuska (RF)
Flange fuskar da aka ɗaga shine nau'in da aka fi amfani dashi a aikace-aikacen masana'anta kuma ana iya gane shi cikin sauƙi.Ana kiran shi convex saboda fuskar gasket tana sama da fuskar zoben kulle.Kowane nau'in fuskantar yana buƙatar amfani da nau'ikan gaskets da yawa, gami da nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan zobe daban-daban da abubuwan haɗin ƙarfe kamar karkace-rauni da nau'ikan kwasfa biyu.
RF flanges an tsara su don mayar da hankali kan ƙarin matsa lamba a kan ƙaramin yanki na gasket, don haka inganta ƙarfin ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa.Ana bayyana diamita da tsayi ta matakin matsa lamba da diamita a cikin ASME B16.5.Flange matsa lamba matakin ƙayyadaddun da tsawo na fuskar da ake lift.RF flanges an yi nufin mayar da hankali kara matsa lamba a kan wani karami yanki na gasket, game da shi ƙara matsa lamba-control damar da joint.Diameters da Heights ta matsa lamba aji da diamita an bayyana a cikin Bayanan Bayani na B16.5.Matsalolin flange.
3. Ring Flange (RTJ)
Lokacin da ake buƙatar hatimin ƙarfe-zuwa-karfe tsakanin flanges guda biyu (wanda shine yanayin aikace-aikacen matsa lamba da zafin jiki, watau sama da 700/800 C°), ana amfani da Flange Joint Flange (RTJ).
Wurin haɗin gwiwa na zobe yana da madauwari tsagi wanda ke ɗaukar gaskat ɗin haɗin gwiwa na zobe (oval ko rectangular).
Lokacin da flanges ɗin haɗin gwiwa na zobe guda biyu aka kulle tare sannan kuma a ɗaure su, ƙarfin da aka yi amfani da shi yana lalata gasket a cikin tsagi na flange, yana haifar da hatimin ƙarfe-zuwa-karfe sosai.Don cim ma wannan, kayan haɗin gasket ɗin zobe dole ne ya zama mai laushi (mafi ductile) fiye da kayan flanges.
Ana iya rufe flanges na RTJ tare da gaskets na RTJ iri daban-daban (R, RX, BX) da bayanan martaba (misali, octagonal/elliptical don nau'in R).
Gaskit na RTJ na yau da kullun shine nau'in R tare da sashin giciye na octagonal, saboda yana tabbatar da hatimi mai ƙarfi sosai (bangaren giciye shine babban nau'in).Koyaya, ƙirar "lebur ɗin lebur" tana karɓar nau'ikan gaskets na RTJ guda biyu tare da sashin giciye octagonal ko oval.
4. Harshe da tsagi flanges (T & G)
Harshe biyu da tsagi flanges (T & G faces) sun dace daidai: ɗaya flange yana da zobe da aka ɗaga, ɗayan kuma yana da tsagi inda suka dace cikin sauƙi (harshen yana shiga cikin tsagi kuma ya rufe haɗin gwiwa).
Harshe da tsagi flanges suna samuwa a cikin manya da kanana masu girma dabam.
5. Namiji da na Mata (M & F)
Kama da harshe da tsagi flanges, maza da mata flanges (M & F fuska iri) daidaita juna.
Ɗayan flange yana da wani yanki wanda ya wuce fiye da samansa, flange na namiji, da sauran flange yana da ma'auni na damuwa da aka yi amfani da su a cikin fuskar fuska, flange na mace.
Flange Surface Gama
Don tabbatar da cikakkiyar dacewa na flange zuwa ga gasket da flange na mating, yanki na flange yana buƙatar takamaiman matakin roughness (RF da FF flange sun ƙare kawai).Nau'in rashin ƙarfi na fuskar fuskar flange yana bayyana nau'in "ƙarar flange".
Nau'o'in gama-gari sune hannun jari, serrated mai tattara hankali, karkace serrated da santsin fuskokin flange.
Akwai hudu na asali saman ƙare don karfe flanges, duk da haka, na kowa burin kowane irin flange surface gama shi ne don samar da roughness da ake so a kan flange surface don tabbatar da m dace tsakanin flange, gasket da dabbar ta hanyar dabbar tamowa flange don samar da ingancin hatimi. .
Lokacin aikawa: Oktoba-08-2023