Jiyya mai zafi tana nufin tsarin yanayin ƙarfe wanda aka mai da kayan, wanda aka riƙe da kuma sanyaya ƙungiya a cikin m jihar don samun ƙungiyar da ake so da kaddarorin da ake so.
I. magani mai zafi
1, daidaituwa: Karfe ko ƙarfe mai zafi ga yanayin zafin jiki da ya dace don kula da wani lokaci na tsari, don samun irin nau'in ƙwarewar tsarin aikin zafi.
2, ananne: Eutectic Karfe Workpie mai tsanani ga AC3 A saman digiri 2000, bayan da a hankali a cikin yashi ko lemun tsami a ƙasa da sanyaya a cikin iska mai zafi.
3, m magani mai zafi na zafi: adonoy yana mai zafi zuwa babban zazzabi guda ɗaya na zazzabi don ci gaba, saboda haka sanyaya lokaci ya narke cikin sauri don samun ingantaccen maganin maganin ƙira.
4, tsufa: Bayan mai zafin rana mai zafi ko lalata filastik mai sanyi, lokacin da aka sanya shi a zazzabi mafi tsayi fiye da ɗakin zazzabi, wanda aka sa shi a ɗan ɗan ƙaramin abu da ke canzawa tare da lokaci.
5, ingantaccen magani na bayani: saboda kayan kwalliya a cikin yawancin matakai masu cikakken narkar da, ƙarfafa m juriya da lalata da haɓaka ƙarfi, don ci gaba da sarrafawa.
6, maganin tsufa: dumama da riƙe da zazzabi na hazo na karfafa tsarin karfafa, don inganta tsarin karfafa, don inganta ƙarfi.
7, Quenching: Austenitization Karfe bayan sanyaya a cikin adadin sanyaya mai sanyaya, saboda kayan aikin cikin giciye na duk ko wasu kewayon yanayin aikin Martences na tsarin aikin.
8, Zuciya: Za'a iya mai da hankali ga tsarin zafin jiki da ya dace na wani lokaci, domin samun ƙungiyar da ake so da kaddarorin magani na zafi.
9, karfe carbonitrings: carbonitring shine zuwa farfajiya na karfe a lokaci guda infiltration na carbon da nitrogen tsari. Carbonitraddamar da Carbonitraddamfafa al'ada shi ne kuma ana kiranta da Cyanide, matsakaici na zazzabi gas carbonitring da ƙarancin zafin gas carbonitritizing) an yi amfani da shi sosai. Babban dalilin matsakaici na matsakaici gas carbonitring shine inganta taurin kai, sanya juriya da gajiya ƙarfin ƙarfe. Low-zazzabi gas carbonitring ga Nitring-tushen, babban maƙasudin shi shine inganta sauke juriya na karfe da kuma cizo juriya.
10, Tempering treatment (quenching and tempering): the general custom will be quenched and tempered at high temperatures in combination with heat treatment known as tempering treatment. Ana amfani da magani mai zurfi sosai a cikin mahimman mahimman mahimman sassan, musamman ma waɗanda ke aiki a ƙarƙashin musayar nauyin da ke haɗa sanduna, ƙugiya, gears da mashiga. Zuciya bayan maganin sa kai tsaye don samun babban kungiyar Sohnite, kaddarorinta na kayan aikin sun fi ƙungiyar da ke al'ada na al'ada. Taurinta ya dogara da zafin jiki mai zafin jiki da ƙarfe mai kwanciyar hankali da kuma girman kayan aikin, gaba ɗaya girman sashi, gaba ɗaya tsakanin HB200-350.
11, da Brazy: Tare da kayan marmari na biyu za su kasance nau'ikan kayan aiki iri biyu tare da tsarin magani mai zafi.
II.Tya halaye na aiwatarwa
Metal heat treatment is one of the important processes in mechanical manufacturing, compared with other machining processes, heat treatment generally does not change the shape of the workpiece and the overall chemical composition, but by changing the internal microstructure of the workpiece, or change the chemical composition of the surface of the workpiece, to give or improve the use of the workpiece properties. An san shi ta hanyar ci gaba a cikin ingancin ingancin kayan aikin, wanda ba a bayyane shi ga ido tsirara ba. Don sanya kayan aikin ƙarfe tare da kayan aikin injin da ake buƙata, kayan kwalliyar jiki da kayan masarufi, tsari iri-iri yawanci ne mai mahimmanci. Karfe kayan ƙarfe ne da aka fi amfani da shi a masana'antar injiniyan, karfe microstructuriticructuriticructure, ana iya sarrafa shi ta hanyar zafin jiki shine babban abun ciki na magani mai zafi. Bugu da kari, aluminum, jan ƙarfe, sildin, titanium da sauran alloys na iya zama magani mai zafi don canja kayan aikinta, na jiki da kuma sunadarai na sunadarai.
Iii.Tyana aiwatarwa
Tsarin aikin zafi gaba ɗaya ya haɗa dumama, riƙe, sanyaya abubuwa uku na sanyaya guda uku, wani lokacin dumama da sanyaya matakai biyu. Wadannan hanyoyin suna da alaƙa da juna, ba za a iya katse su ba.
Hajewa yana daya daga cikin mahimman ayyukan magani na zafi. Kula da ƙarfe zafi na hanyoyin dumama, farkon farkon amfani da gawayi shine tushen zafi, aikace-aikacen da aka yi kwanan nan na ruwa da gas. Aikace-aikacen wutar lantarki yana sa dumama mai sauƙi don sarrafawa, kuma babu gurbata muhalli. Amfani da waɗannan hanyoyin zafi na iya kai mai zafi kai tsaye, har ma ta hanyar gishiri mai gishiri ko ƙarfe, don iyo barbashi don haɗakar dumama.
Hawan ƙarfe, an fallasa kayan aikin ƙarfe zuwa iska, oxdingation na oxdation, ƙwarewa sau da yawa yana faruwa (watau a cikin carbon carbon na sassan ƙarfe don rage), wanda ke da mummunar tasiri a kan abubuwan da aka bi da su. Sabili da haka, ƙarfe ya kamata yawanci ya kasance cikin yanayi mai sarrafawa ko yanayin kariya, gishiri mai gishiri, amma har ila yau yana da sutura ko hanyoyin tattarawa ko hanyoyin ɗaukar kaya don mai kiyaye dumama.
Hajin zazzabi yana ɗaya daga cikin mahimman sigogi na tsarin magani mai zafi, zaɓi da kuma sarrafa ingantaccen magani na mahimman batutuwa. Madadin dumama ya bambanta da kayan ƙarfe da aka bi da shi da kuma dalilin zafin zafi, amma gabaɗaya suna mai zafi sama da zazzabi mai zuwa don samun babban yanayin zazzabi. Bugu da kari, canjin yana buƙatar wani adadin lokacin, don haka lokacin da yake da yanayin zafin ƙarfe don cimma burinka da ake buƙata, don haka kuma dole ne a kula da yanayin microstruchure, wanda aka sani da lokacin rike lokaci. Yin amfani da babban ƙarfin ƙarfin hali da kuma magani mai zafi, ƙimar dumama yana da sauri sosai, yayin da kullun ba magani na riƙe lokaci ba sau da yawa.
Sanyaya shi ne wanda ba makawa mataki ne a cikin tsarin jiyya na zafi, hanyoyin sanyaya saboda bambancin daban-daban, galibi don sarrafa farashin sanyaya. Janar annealing kudi ne jinkirin, daidaita farashin sanyaya yana da sauri, saukar da darajar sanyaya yana da sauri. Amma kuma saboda nau'ikan ƙarfe daban-daban kuma suna da buƙatu daban-daban, kamar ƙarfe-taurarinta za'a iya lalata shi tare da ƙimar sanyi kamar yadda aka saba.
IV.МClass
Ana iya raba tsarin magani mai zafi a cikin dukan zafin jiki, magani mai zafi da kuma yawan zafin rana na rukuni uku. Dangane da matsakaiciyar matsakaici, zazzabi mai dumama da hanyar sanyaya, za a iya bambanta kowane rukuni zuwa tsarin magani mai zafi mai zafi. Wannan baƙin ƙarfe ta amfani da matakai daban-daban na maganin zafi, na iya samun kungiyoyi daban-daban, don haka samun kaddarorin daban-daban. Iron da karfe shine mafi yawan baƙin ƙarfe da aka fi amfani dashi a masana'antu, da microstructure shine mafi yawan tsari na magani mai zafi.
Gabaɗaya zafin jiki shine ci gaba na aikin aikin, sannan a sanyawar ƙimar da ta dace, don canza kaddarorin da ake buƙata na tsarin aikin ƙarfe na ƙwararru. Gabaɗaya zafin jiki na ƙarfe da sauri ana lalata, al'ada, quenching da kuma haikalin matakan gaske huɗu.
Aiwatar yana nufin:
Annealing shine kayan aikin yana mai zafi zuwa zazzabi da ya dace, gwargwadon kayan da girman aikin da aka yi amfani da shi, don samun kyakkyawan tsari na ƙarfe daban-daban, don samun kyakkyawan tsari na ƙarfe daban-daban, don samun kyakkyawan tsari don ƙungiyar da shirye-shiryen.
Akized shine kayan aikin yana mai zafi zuwa zazzabi da ya dace bayan sanyaya wuri, sau da yawa ana amfani da shi don inganta yankan kayan da ake buƙata a matsayin magani na ƙarshe.
Quenching shine kayan aikin yana mai zafi da insulated, a ruwa, man ko wasu salts na ciki da sauran matsakaici na kwantar da hankali. Bayan saukar da sassan ƙarfe ya zama mai wahala, amma a lokaci guda ya zama gaggautsa cikin yanayi a kan kari, gabaɗaya ya zama dole ga fushi a kan kari.
Don rage yawan sassan ƙarfe, sassan ƙarfe na queched a zazzabi da ya dace fiye da ɗakin zafin rana da ƙasa da 650 ℃ na dogon lokaci, sannan aka sanyaya, wannan tsari ana kiranta da shi, wannan tsari ana kiranta shi, wannan tsari ana kiranta shi, wannan tsari ana kiranta shi, wannan tsari ana kiranta shi, wannan tsari ana kiransa turɓaya. Annealing, al'ada, quenching, zafin shine magani gaba ɗaya a cikin "gobara huɗu", wanda aka yi amfani da shi da alaƙa da juna, sau da yawa ana amfani dashi tare da juna, ɗayan yana da mahimmanci. "Wuta hudu" tare da yawan zafin jiki da yanayin sanyaya na daban, kuma ya samo asali daban tsarin magani. Don samun takamaiman matakin ƙarfi da tauri, quenching a yanayin zafi mai girma hade da tsari, wanda aka sani da shi da zafin jiki. Bayan wasu allos suna qumured don samar da ingantaccen bayani mai bayani, ana gudanar da su a zazzabi da zazzabi ko kuma a dan kadan mafi girma da lokaci don inganta da tazara, ƙarfi, ko kuma abin ba lantarki na sonnoy. Irin wannan tsarin magani mai zafi ana kiranta magani na tsufa.
Rashin matsin lamba da magani mai zafi da kyau kuma a hankali hade don aiwatar da ƙarfi, saboda waccan hanyar samun ƙarfi mai kyau, da tauri tare da hanyar da aka sani da lalata zafi; A cikin mummunan yanayin matsin lamba ko injin a cikin zafin jiki da aka sani da wuri mai zafi yana iya sa kayan aikin ba shi da iskar shaye-shaye, amma ta hanyar aikin Osmotic don maganin zafi.
Jimmwar zafi na farfajiya ne kawai dumama farfajiya na kayan aikin don canza kayan aikin injin na farfajiyar zafin jiki na tsarin kiwo. Don kawai zafi farfajiya na kayan aiki ba tare da wuce gona da iri ba, wanda zai iya zama ɗan gajeren lokaci ko kai tsaye don isa yanayin zafi. Jin zafi mai zafi na manyan hanyoyin wasan wuta da kuma haifar da dumin zafi kamar wutar oxyumarylene ko katako na oxyumylene ko katako, katako.
Jiyya mai zafi magani shine tsarin magani mai zafi ta hanyar canza tsarin sinadarai, tsari da kaddarorin farfajiya na farfajiya na kayan aiki. Amincewa da headericalica na sinadaran ya bambanta da magani mai zafi a cikin abin da tsoffin canje-canje da ke sinadarai na farfajiya na farfajiya. Ana sanya magani mai zafi a kan aikin kayan da ya ƙunshi carbon, kafaffun gishiri ko kuma wasu abubuwa masu ƙarfi na matsakaici, don haka, ruwa mai ƙarfi) a cikin carbon, underan ruwa, boron da chromium da sauran abubuwan. Bayan da ba da izinin abubuwa, wani lokacin kuma sauran sauran hanyoyin cin abinci mai zafi kamar ƙudanya da zafin jiki. Babban hanyoyin da ake sayansu na sunadarai suna carburizing, nitring, agogon karfe.
Jiyya mai zafi shine ɗayan mahimman ayyukan a cikin masana'antar kayan aikin na kayan masarufi da ƙira. Gabaɗaya magana, yana iya tabbatarwa da inganta kayan da aka tsara daban-daban na kayan aikin, kamar sa juriya, juriya na lalata. Hakanan zai iya inganta kungiyar blank da yanayin damuwa, domin sauƙaƙe iri-iri na sanyi da zafi.
Misali: Farar fata jefa baƙin ƙarfe bayan dogon lokaci ana iya samun magani mai gina jiki a cikin baƙin ƙarfe, yana inganta filastik; Ganuwa tare da madaidaitan tsarin magani, rayuwar sabis na iya zama mafi zafi-da ake kulawa da shi ko sauyin yanayi; Bugu da kari, Carbon Carbon na Carbon ta hanyar kafa abubuwan gwal suna da wasu masu tsada kwata-kwata, bakin karfe; Molds da ya mutu kusan duk buƙatar shiga cikin zafin zafi kawai bayan magani mai zafi.
Karin bayani
I. Nau'in anne ne
Annealing tsarin magani ne wanda aka yi zafi zuwa zazzabi da ya dace, da aka gudanar da wani lokaci, sannan a hankali sanyaya.
Akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan ƙwayar ƙarfe da yawa, gwargwadon yawan zafin jiki zai iya zuwa kashi biyu. ɗayan yana ƙasa da miyancin zafin jiki na abubuwan da aka ambata, gami da sake maimaita halittu da kuma lalacewa ana iya raba shi, da sauransu .. Dangane da hanyar sanyaya-ruwa da kuma ci gaba da yin amfani da ruwa mai sanyaya.
1, cikakken anealing da othermal uwarnealing
Cikakken annoba, wanda kuma aka sani da recrystallization anealing, gaba daya ake magana a matsayin ashecid, shi ne karfe mai zafi sosai bayan jinkirin yin sanyi, domin samun kusan daidaituwa na tsarin aikin zafi. Wannan ana amfani da wannan ana amfani da wannan ana amfani da shi don abun da ke ciki mai zurfi na carbon da alloy karfe, a wasu lokuta ana amfani da bayanan bayanan da aka birgima. Gabaɗaya sau da yawa ba da yawa ba aikin aikin hancin zafi na ƙarshe, ko azaman lokacin zafi na yau da kullun na wasu ma'aikatan.
2, Annealing
An yi amfani da anne da aka yi amfani da shi sosai don outecic carbon bakin ciki da alloy kayan karfe (kamar samarwa da kayan aikin da aka kafa, kusa da ya mutu da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin karfe). Babban maƙasudin shi shine rage wuya, inganta machinableabil, kuma shirya don quenching nan gaba.
3, Rashin Taimako Annealing
Danniya ana samun awo, wanda kuma aka sani da ƙarancin zafin jiki ana amfani da shi (ko kuma zafin rai da ake amfani da shi ne don kawar da abubuwan da aka yi, da aka birgima, sassan da aka yi birgima, sassan da aka yi sanyi da sauran matsanancin damuwa. Idan ba a kawar da waɗannan matsalolin ba, zai haifar da ƙarfe bayan wani lokaci, ko a cikin tsari na yanke don samar da nakasassu ko fasa.
4. Rashin daidaituwa shine zafi da karfe zuwa AC1 ~ ac3 (Sub-Eutect (Sama-Minadiyo) tsakanin Tsarin Zaman Lafiya.
II.Quenching, Matsakaici da aka fi amfani da shi na yau da kullun ana amfani da brine, ruwa da mai.
Gishirin Gishirin yana zubar da ruwan gishiri na aikin, mai sauƙin samun ƙarfi da santsi, ba mai sauƙi ne don samar da ƙugiya mai laushi ba, amma ko da fatattaka. Yin amfani da mai a matsayin matsakaici matsakaici ne kawai ya dace da kwanciyar hankali na Ausoy Karfe ko ƙaramin girman kayan aikin carbon karfe.
Iii.manufar bakin karfe
1, Rage hadari, kawar da damuwa ko rage damuwa, ƙwaya, kamar ba zafin jiki zai sa nakasassu na karfe ko da fatattaka.
2, don samun kaddarorin kayan aikin da ake buƙata na aikin, aikin bayan ya shafe wuya ta hanyar tashin hankali daban-daban don rage ƙarfin halin da ake buƙata, Filin da ya dace.
3, dakatar da girman aikin aiki
4, don ana amfani da shi yana da wuya a sanye da wasu alloy sutter.
Concepts
1, ana ba da labari: Yana nufin kayan ƙarfe mai zafi zuwa zazzabi da ya dace, an kiyaye shi na wani lokaci, sannan a hankali sanyaya magani mai zafi. Hanyoyin da aka gama gama gari sune: Ana sake karbar kai-rikice, ana iya amfani da uwarading, inganta akida, ko kuma don ci gaba da yin zafi, da sauransu ..
2, al'ada: Yana nufin ƙarfe ko karfe mai zafi zuwa ga (karfe akan mahimmancin yanayin zafin jiki) a sama, 30 ~ 50 ℃ don tabbatar da lokacin da ya dace, 30 ~ 50 ℃ don kula da lokacin magani mai zafi. Dalilin daidaito: galibi don inganta kayan aikin injin ƙananan carbon, haɓaka tsinkaye, don maganin ƙwayar cuta, don maganin zafi don shirya ƙungiyar.
3, Quenching: Yana nufin karfe mai tsanani ga AC3 ko AC1 (a ƙarƙashin mawuyacin yanayi) sama da ƙimar sanyin zazzabi) sama da ƙimar sanyin jiki, sannan kuma zuwa ƙimar sanyin jiki, sannan kuma zuwa ƙirar sanyin jiki, sannan kuma zuwa ƙirar sanyin jiki, sannan kuma zuwa ƙirar sanyin jiki, sannan kuma zuwa ƙirar sanyin jiki, sannan kuma zuwa ƙirar sanyin jiki, sannan kuma zuwa ƙirar sanyin jiki, sannan kuma zuwa ƙirar sanyin jiki, sannan kuma zuwa ƙirar sanyin jiki, sannan kuma zuwa ƙirar sanyin jiki, sannan kuma zuwa ƙirar sanyin jiki, don samun ƙirar sanyin jiki, sannan kuma zuwa ƙirar sanyin jiki, sannan kuma zuwa ƙirar sanyin jiki, sannan kuma zuwa ƙirar sanyin jiki, sannan kuma zuwa ƙirar sanyin jiki, sannan kuma zuwa ƙirar sanyin jiki. Hanyoyin aiwatarwa gama gari sune quenction matsakaici-hudu, diaze Quenching, Martencessving quenching, Quenching da Quenching na gida. Dalilin quenching: saboda kayan ƙarfe na karfe don samun ƙungiyar marassa lafiya, haɓaka ƙarfin hali, ƙarfi da kuma zafin jiki don yin shiri mai zafi don ƙungiyar.
4, zafin fuska: Yana nufin zafin jiki, sannan mai zafi zuwa zazzabi da ke ƙasa AC1, yana riƙe lokaci, sa'an nan kuma sanyaya zuwa tsarin yawan zafin jiki na zafi. Tsarin zafin jiki na yau da kullun sune: ƙarancin zafin jiki, matsakaici mai matsakaici, zafin zafin jiki, zafin zafin jiki da yawa.
Manufar zuciyar tazara: galibi don kawar da damuwa da baƙin ƙarfe ke samarwa da ƙarfe a cikin quenching, saboda ƙarfe yana da babban rabo, kuma yana da filastik da ke da kyau.
5, Zurfa: Yana nufin ƙarfe ko ƙarfe don quenching da babban zazzabi na haushi na hadin gwiwar mai zafi. Amfani da shi a cikin zuciyar sa da ake kira karfe. Gabaɗaya yana nufin ƙirar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ta carbon mai matsakaici da carbon carbon alloy tsarin ƙarfe.
6, Carburizing: Carburizing shine tsarin yin carbon atoms shiga cikin farfajiya na karfe. Hakanan don yin ƙananan kayan aikin ƙarfe na carbon ɗin carbon yana da babban Layer na Carbon Karfe, sannan kuma a ƙasan kayan aikin yana da hakki, saboda haka ɓangaren ɗakin aikin yana da tauri, har yanzu ɓangaren motsa jiki yana riƙe da tauri da filastik na ɗan ƙaramin carbon karfe.
Hanya ta wuri
Saboda yawan dumama da sanyaya ayyukan kayan ƙarfe suna buƙatar dozin ko ma da yawa ayyukan don kammala. Wadannan ayyukan suna gudana ne a cikin wutar lantarki, mai aiki ba zai iya kusanci ba, don haka matakin atomatik na iska mai zafi yana buƙatar girma ya zama mafi girma. A lokaci guda, wasu ayyuka, kamar dumama da kuma rike da ƙarshen yanayin aikin ƙarfe zai zama shida, ayyuka bakwai da za a kammala su tsakanin 15 seconds. Irin wannan yanayin agile don kammala ayyuka da yawa, yana da sauƙi a haifar da juyayi na afaretocin kuma ya zama mummunan abu. Saboda haka, kawai babban mataki na atettation na iya zama daidai, daidaituwa na lokaci daidai da shirin.
Ba za a iya yin maganin iska mai zafi ba a cikin rufaffiyar wuta, mai tsauri mai tsayayyen sa sanannu sanannu ne. Sabili da haka, don samun da kuma bi ainihin hanyar fitar da iska na wutar, don tabbatar da cewa aikin ɓoyayyen iska na wutar lantarki, don tabbatar da ingancin sassan iska mai zafi yana da babban mahimmanci. Don haka mahimmin batun mai zafin jiki shine samun ingantaccen tsarin saiti. Don tabbatar da aikin injin na wutar lantarki, dole ne ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararraki, ƙasa, jikin wutar tanderan kaɗan kaɗan da zai iya amfani da rami mai ƙarfi, don rage damar yin lalata. An sanya a cikin abubuwan haɗin wutar mursun ƙasa, kayan haɗi, kamar su lantarki mai sanyaya ruwa, na'urwar fitarwa dole ne a tsara ta rufe tsarin.
Yawancin kayan dumama da kayan rufewa za a iya amfani da su ne kawai. Villy zafi trince dumama da zafin jiki rufin yana cikin wurin da wuri mai sanyi yana aiki, saboda haka, sakamakon radiation, mai gudana da sauran buƙatu da wasu buƙatu. Abubuwan da ake buƙata don juriya na iskar oxidation ba su da yawa. Sabili da haka, gidan wuta mai zafi mai zafi ya yi amfani da Tantalum, tungsten, Molybdenum da kuma hoto mai hoto don kayan dumama da kayan rufewa da kayan rufewa da kayan rufewa da kayan rufewa da kayan rufewa da kayan rufewa da kayan rufewa. Wadannan kayan suna da sauƙin sauqi a cikin jihar ATMOSPERIC, sabili da haka, wutar lantarki na yau da kullun ba za ta iya amfani da waɗannan dumama da kayan rufi ba.
Na'urar ruwa mai sanyaya: injin zafi mai zafi, murfin tanderen, abubuwan dumama na lantarki, ruwan inabi mai zafi, a cikin wani wuri, a ƙarƙashin yanayin aikin zafi. Yin aiki a karkashin irin wannan m yanayin, dole ne a tabbatar da cewa tsarin kowane bangaren bai lalace ko lalacewa ba, kuma an ƙone hatimin kowane mai ƙonawa ko ƙonewa. Saboda haka, kowane bangare ya kamata a kafa gwargwadon yanayin sanyaya ruwa don tabbatar da cewa gidan wuta mai zafi yana iya tafiyar da kullun kuma suna da isasshen rayuwa.
Yin amfani da ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki mai ƙarfi: A lokacin da babu injin ɗakunan da ke da ƙarfi a cikin ƙarfin ƙarfin lantarki, zai fito da abin ƙarfafa mai ƙarfi, zai fito da abin ƙarfafa mai haske. A cikin gidan motsa jiki mai zafi, mai tsauri da baka zai sa kashi na lantarki, rufi Layer, haifar da manyan haɗari da asara. Sabili da haka, gidan motsa jiki mai zafi mai zafi na wutar lantarki yana aiki da ƙarfin lantarki wanda yake yawanci ba fiye da 80 a cikin 100 volts. A lokaci guda a cikin tsarin dumama na lantarki tsari don ɗaukar matakan da suka dace, kamar su nisantar da samun ƙananan sassan, don hana tsararren fitilun haske ko fitarwa na haske.
Saitawa
Dangane da bukatun aiki daban-daban na aikin kayan aikin, gwargwadon yanayin zafin jikinsa daban, za'a iya kasu kashi wadannan nau'ikan masu zuwa:
(a) zafin zafin jiki (150-250 digiri)
Lowerarancin zafin jiki na haifar da tsari don Martencessite. Manufarta ita ce kula da babban ƙarfin hali da kuma babban abin juriya na ƙwanƙwasawa a ƙarƙashin tsarin rage damuwa na ciki da lalata, don hana chiping ko lalata lalacewa yayin amfani. Ana amfani da galibi ana amfani dashi don kayan aikin yankan carbon, gauges, cold-draws ya mutu, mirgina abubuwa da sassan carbitized gabaɗaya ne gabaɗaya HRC58-64.
(ii) matsakaici zafin jiki na turswa (250-500 digiri)
Matsakaicin zazzabi na matsakaici na turɓewa don jikin qugen. Manufarta ita ce samun ƙarfin yawan amfanin ƙasa, iyaka iyaka da babban tauri. Sabili da haka, ana amfani da shi musamman don maɓuɓɓugan ruwa da yawa da aikin zafi moldinging aiki, zafin ƙarfi gabaɗaya hrc35-50.
(C) zafin zafin jiki (500-650 digiri)
Babban zafin jiki na tasirin kungiyar don Sohnite. Tsarin al'ada da zafin jiki wanda aka haɗa da magani mai zafi da aka sani da magani, manufarta ita ce ta sami ƙarfi, taurin kai shine mafi kyawun kaddarorin injiniyoyi. Saboda haka, ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin motoci, masu tallan kayan aiki da sauran mahimman sassan, kamar su haɗa sanduna, ƙyallen, gear. Hakikantu bayan zafin zuciya gabaɗaya ne.
Rashin Tsaro
Abubuwan da ke da tushe na daidaitattun abubuwan da ke haifar da abubuwan da ke haifar da rikitarwa, amma muna bincika dokar nakasassu, ta amfani da abubuwan da ke haifar da nakasassu na iya rage, amma ma iya sarrafawa. Gabaɗaya magana, ƙwaƙwalwar zafi magani mai daidaitaccen al'ada ta ƙafar itace mara nauyi na iya ɗaukar waɗannan hanyoyin rigakafin waɗannan hanyoyin rigakafin.
(1) Zabi na kayan yanayi. Yakamata a zabi madaidaicin molds mai kyau microdoformation mold karfe (kamar iska quenching m karfe na iya zama m mold magani mai tsafta.
(2) Tsarin tsari na ƙiyayya yakamata ya zama mai ma'ana, kauri kada ya zama mai rarrabawa, don bata lokaci daga cikin moldminai na sarrafawa, don manyan, daidaitattun molds.
(3) daidaito da m molds ya kamata ya zama magani mai zafi don kawar da sauran danniya damuwa da aka samar a cikin tsarin sarrafa.
(4) Zabi na dumama zafin jiki, sarrafa saurin dumama, don daidaitaccen kayan masarufi na iya ɗaukar jinkirin dumama, preheating da sauran hanyoyin dumama don rage rashin lafiyar da nakasassu.
(5) A karkashin riga domin tabbatar da taurin mold, yi kokarin amfani da pre-sanyaya, graded sanyaya ko zazzabi ko zazzabi.
(6) Don daidaitacce da m molds, a karkashin yanayin izini, yi ƙoƙarin amfani da iska mai sanyi da zurfin magani bayan ya rusa.
(7) Don wani daidaitaccen molds masu tsayayyen magani ana iya amfani da magani na zamani, tsufa mai zafi, zafin da ke haifar da magani don sarrafa daidaiton ƙirar.
(8) A cikin gyaran yashi mai launin yashi mai launin shuɗi, mamaki, sutura da kuma wasu lahani na kayan aiki da sauran tasirin kayan aikin da za a iya guje wa nakasa.
Bugu da kari, daidai zafi magani tsari aiki (kamar yadda aka dasa ramuka, ramuka na inji, madaidaicin hanyar m motsi.
A saman quenching da zafin zafin da ake amfani dashi ta hanyar haifar da dumama ko wutar dumama. Babban sigogi na fasaha sune taurin kai, taurin gida da zurfin Hardening mai tasiri. Ana iya amfani da gwajin wuya Vickers Hardness mai hankali, ana iya amfani dashi dutsen ko kuma surfacewar dutse mai ƙarfi. Zabi na gyaran gwaji (sikeli) yana da alaƙa da zurfin mafi ingancin mafi ingancin Layer da kuma gefen ƙarfin aikin. Abubuwa uku na masu wahalar dauyin wuya suna da hannu anan.
Da farko, Vickers Harstness mai mahimmanci shine mahimmancin gwada yanayin aikin zafi na zafi, ana iya rarrabe ƙananan bambance-bambance a cikin wahalar aikin motsa jiki da aka kula da shi. Bugu da kari, zurfin mai tasiri mai wuya ya kamata ya kuma gano shi ta hanyar sarrafa zafi ko adadi mai yawa ta amfani da yanayin yanayin zafi, yana da mahimman raka'a tester wajibi ne.
Na biyu, farfajiya Roverwell Hardness Tester kuma ya dace sosai da gwada wuya na farfajiya Worning, surfwell, m Roadwell Tester yana da sikeli uku don zaɓa daga. Na iya gwada ingantaccen babban ƙarfin sau 0.1mm na yawan kayan aiki na ƙasa. Duk da cewa farfajiya ta hanzarta madaidaiciyar madaidaiciya ba ta da girma kamar yadda masu kakkariyar da ke da ƙwararraki da ke haifar da ganowa, ya sami damar biyan bukatun. Haka kuma, shi ma yana da sauƙin aiki, mai sauƙin amfani, ƙarancin farashi, saurin karanta yanayin yanayin zafi da kuma gwajin lalacewa. Wannan yana da mahimmanci ga aikin ƙarfe da kuma masana'antar masana'antar masana'antu.
Na uku, lokacin da yanayin zafi magani harded Layer ya yi kauri, kuma za'a iya amfani dashi hardcywellellell. Lokacin da zafin zafi ya taurare mai kauri na 0.4 ~ 0.8mm, ana iya amfani da HRA SWOREYYA na fiye da 0.8mm, ana iya amfani da HRC sikelin.
Vickers, Rockwell da farfajiya Rockwell uku za a iya canza su ga juna, masu canzawa zuwa ga ka'idodi, zane ko mai amfani yana buƙatar ƙimar ƙarfi. Ana bayar da teburin masu canzawa a cikin Standard Standard Standard, Amurka Standard Astm da Standard Cheel Standard GB / t.
Karkara hardening
Partangarorin idan bukatun Hardness na gida na mafi girma, akwai wadatar dumama da sauran hanyoyin cinikin zafi na gida, irin waɗannan sassan yawanci dole ne ke yiwa wurin cinikin zafi na gida da kuma karkara a cikin zane. An kamata a gwada wuya na wuya a cikin sassan da aka tsara. Za'a iya amfani da Hardness na Gwajin Hard Worner Gyster, Gwajin HRC, kimar Hardening Layer mai tsawo, za a iya amfani da darajar yanayin HRN.
Magani mai zafi
Karatun zafi na sinadarai shine sanya farfajiya na aikin motsa jiki da yawa ko da yawa sunadarai abubuwan da ke cikin zarra, don canza tsarin sunadarai, tsari da kuma aikin na samar da kayan aiki. Bayan saukar da zafin jiki da karancin zafin jiki, farfajiya na aikin yana da ƙarfi, sanadin juriya da sadar da karfin zuciya, yayin da ainihin aikin kayan yana da babban ƙarfin hali.
Dangane da abubuwan da ke sama, ganowa da kuma rikodin zafin jiki a cikin tsarin magani mai zafi yana da matukar muhimmanci, kuma iko mara kyau yana da tasiri sosai akan samfurin. Sabili da haka, gano zafin jiki yana da mahimmanci, yanayin zafin jiki yana da mahimmanci, yana da mahimmanci, yana iya sauƙaƙe aiwatar da yawan zafin jiki, amma kuma don ganin lokacin da yawan zafin jiki bai cika bukatun ba. Wannan zai taka rawa sosai wajen inganta magani mai zafi a nan gaba.
Hanyoyin aiki
1, tsaftace wurin aiki, bincika ko wutar lantarki, kayan aikin aunawa da kuma yanayin ɗabi'a da na al'ada ne, kuma ko asalin ruwan yana da laushi.
2, masu aiki su sanya kyawawan kayan aikin kariya na kwadago, in ba haka ba zai zama haɗari.
3, bude ikon canja wurin aiki na duniya baki daya, bisa ga bukatun fasaha na duniya baki daya na kayan aikin ya tashi ya fadi, don tsawaita rayuwar kayan aiki da kayan aiki.
4, don kula da zafin jiki na wutar lantarki mai zafin jiki, zai iya sarrafa ka'idodin zazzabi da kayan oxidation da oxidation na hadawa da abu mai kyau, kuma yana da kyakkyawan aiki na aminci.
5, don kula da zafin jiki na ternace na ternace, mai iska bel, buɗe iska mai iska, don haka yana haifar da aikin bayan zafin da ya sadu da buƙatun.
6, a cikin aikin ya kamata ya tsaya wa post.
7, don saita kayan aikin wuta na wajibi, kuma masaniya da amfani da hanyoyin kulawa.
8, lokacin da dakatar da injin, ya kamata mu bincika cewa duk abubuwan sarrafawa suna cikin kashe jihar, sannan kuma rufe canjin canja wuri na duniya.
Overheating
Daga bakin m Road na roller kayan haɗi masu amfani da sassan bayan an yi amfani da microstruchiting mai zafi. Amma don sanin ainihin matakin overheating dole ne a lura da microstructure. Idan a cikin kungiyar kwallon kafa Gcr15 Quenching Organide a cikin bayyanar mawensite Martence, yana kawar da ƙungiyar. Dalilin kirkirar yawan zafin jiki na iya zama mai girma ko dumama kuma yana riƙe da lokaci mai tsawo wanda ya haifar da cikakken zurfin zafi; Zai iya zama saboda asalin ƙungiyar Carbide mai mahimmanci, a cikin ƙananan yanki na carbon tsakanin ƙungiyoyin biyu don samar da kayan aikin Martence lokacin farin ciki. Ragowar ciki a cikin ƙungiyar superheatederated ƙungiyoyi na ƙaruwa, da kwanciyar hankali na raguwa. Saboda yawan zubar da kungiyar Queching, Crystal Crystal shine m, wanda zai haifar da raguwa cikin tauri da tauri da taurin da ke tauri, an rage juriya game da kasawar sassa, kuma ana rage juriya a cikin tazara, kuma ana kuma rage rayuwar da ke faruwa. Matsanancin zafi na iya haifar da fashewa.
Ɗakin baƙin ciki
Zazzage zafin jiki mai rauni ne ko mara kyau zai haifar da mafi yawan ƙungiyar Torrhenite a cikin microstructure, wanda ke sa wahalar da aka rage, wanda ya san wahalar da aka rage, wanda ya sa rayuwar juriya ta ragu.
Jirgin ruwa
Roller mai ɗaukar saiti a cikin cinyewa da sanyaya tsari saboda jaddada na ciki kafa da ake kira fasa fasa. Sanadin irin wannan fasa fasa su ne: saboda quenching dumama zafin jiki ya yi yawa ko sanyaya yana da saurin canjin ƙarfe; Aiki farfajiya na lahani na asali (kamar surintes) ko lahani na ciki a cikin karfe (kamar slag, frand, fararen fata, da sauransu) a cikin quenching na samuwar damuwa na jingina; m surfuritization da carbide rarrabuwa; sassan sun sha kashi bayan matsi da isasshe ko ba a iya yin fushi; Cold Punch damuwa da aka haifar ta hanyar tsarin da ya gabata ya yi girma sosai, ya manne nada, yanke mai zurfi, mai tsagi yankuna gefuna da sauransu. A takaice, sanadin fashewar ƙugiya na iya zama ɗaya ko fiye na abubuwan da ke sama na sama, kasancewar damuwa na ciki shine babban dalilin kirkirar fasa. Fursunoni masu zurfi suna da zurfi kuma siriri, tare da madaidaiciyar launi a kan karye farfado. Yana da sau da yawa ɗakin kwana mai ban tsoro ko zoben zobe a kan abin wuya. Siffar a kan ƙwararren ball na ƙwararru shine s-dimbin yawa, t-dimbin yawa ko mai siffa mai siffa. Halayen tsari na Quenching Crack ba sabon abu bane a bangarorin biyu na crack, a bayyane bayyane daga fasa da fasa.
Deatal Dorormation
Nachi Karo sassa cikin zafi, akwai matsanancin damuwa da damuwa na ciki, ana iya canza wannan damuwa da mawuyacin hali, saboda haka yanayin sanyaya, don haka yanayin sanyaya, don haka yanayin sanyaya jiki ba makawa ba zai zama makawa ba. Gane da kuma mulkin doka na iya sa nakastar da sassan dauke da kashi (kamar m abin wuya, girman kai, da sauransu) sanya shi cikin kewayon sarrafawa, mai dacewa da samarwa. Tabbas, a cikin tsarin magani mai zafi na karo na inji zai kuma sanya nakasar sassa, amma ana iya amfani da wannan lalata don inganta aikin don ragewa kuma ku guji.
Farfajiya
Kayan haɗi masu amfani da kayan masarufi a cikin tsari mai zafi, idan yana mai zafi a matsakaici mai tsire-tsire na carbon masara, sakamakon shi a farfajiya na carbon. Zurfin saman farfajiya Layer fiye da na ƙarshe aiki na adadin riƙi za a sanya sassan scraped. Dogara ta zurfin farfajiyar farfajiya a cikin jarrabawar metallographic na hanyar metallognographic da kuma hanyar daukar hoto. Rarraba radadin rassan da aka rarraba na farfajiya ya dogara ne da ma'anar auna, kuma ana iya amfani dashi azaman mai sulhu.
M tabo
Saboda rashin isasshen dumama, mara kyau sanyaya, aikin quenching wanda bai haifar da wahalar da ke haifar da sassa ba wanda aka sani da sanannun tabo. Yana kama da kayan aikin ƙasa na iya haifar da raguwa mai zurfi a cikin yanayin juriya da ƙarfi.
Lokaci: Dec-05-2023