1. Ƙarfe Mai Ƙarfi: Ƙarfin Masana'antu da Ƙarfin Kamfani
Womic Steel Group babbar masana'anta ce kuma mai fitar da kayayyaki daga ƙasashen waje a duniya, tana da ƙwarewa sama da shekaru 20 wajen samar da kayayyakin bututun carbon, gami, da bakin ƙarfe. Cibiyar samar da bututun mu ta zamani ta ƙunshi cikakken ƙarfin ƙera bututun ƙarfe da ya wuce tan 20,000 a kowane wata, ta amfani da hanyoyin ERW da LSAW/SSAW.
Girman Samarwa na Bututun Ruwa:Diamita na waje daga 219mm zuwa 660mm (inci 8 zuwa inci 26) don tsarin ERW, kuma daga 508mm zuwa 3,000mm (inci 20 zuwa inci 120) don tsarin LSAW/SSAW. Kauri daga bango daga 6.0mm zuwa 25.4mm don ERW, kuma daga 6.0mm zuwa 50.8mm don LSAW/SSAW. Tsawon guda ɗaya daga 6m zuwa 18m na yau da kullun, tare da tsayin da aka keɓance har zuwa 60m don ayyukan tushe masu zurfi.
Takaddun Shaida na Inganci & Bin Dokoki:
Takaddun shaida na ISO 9001: 2015:Tsarin Gudanar da Inganci don tara bututun mai da kuma kula da inganci, tabbatar da daidaiton samfura da ci gaba da ingantawa a duk ayyukan masana'antu.
Lasisin API 5L / API 2B Monogram:Womic Steel tana da lasisin API 5L don kera Line Pipe da lasisin API 2B don Structural Steel Pipes don aikace-aikacen ruwa. API Monogram yana wakiltar jajircewarmu ga mafi girman ƙa'idodin masana'antu don watsa mai da iskar gas da bututun gini na ƙasashen waje. Binciken API na yau da kullun yana tabbatar da ci gaba da bin ƙa'idodin ƙa'idodi.
Alamar CE (PED 2014/68/EU):Bututun mu masu tarin kaya da bututun gini sun bi umarnin Kayan Aikin Matsi na Turai (PED) 2014/68/EU. Ana samun alamar CE akan buƙata don sauƙaƙe share kwastam cikin sauƙi da karɓar ayyuka a cikin Yankin Tattalin Arziki na Turai (EEA). An tanadar da Sanarwar Aiki (DoP) ga samfuran EN na yau da kullun.
Takaddun shaida na EN 10204 3.2:Baya ga Takaddun Shaidar Gwaji na Injin 2.2 da 3.1 na yau da kullun, muna samar da samfuran Takaddun Shaida na Dubawa 3.2, wanda hukumomin ɓangare na uku da EU suka amince da su (TÜV, LR, BV, SGS) suka tabbatar don muhimman ayyukan ruwa da tushe waɗanda ke buƙatar cikakken bin diddigin kayan aiki da kuma tabbatarwa mai zaman kansa.
Amincewa da Dubawa na Wasu (TPI):Manyan hukumomin ƙasa da ƙasa da ƙungiyoyin rarrabuwa sun amince da kuma duba ayyukan samar da kayayyaki da kuma hanyoyin samar da su, ciki har da SGS, BV, ABS, LR, DNV, GL, da TÜV. Waɗannan amincewar suna nuna ikonmu na samar da bututun da ke ɗauke da manyan bututan ruwa don ayyukan ruwa da na teku da ƙungiyar rarrabuwa ke kula da su.
Ƙarin Takaddun Shaida Akwai:
ISO 14001: 2015(Tsarin Gudanar da Muhalli) – Ya himmatu ga ayyukan masana'antu masu dorewa
ISO 45001: 2018(Tsarin Gudanar da Lafiya da Tsaro na Sana'a) – Tabbatar da yanayin aiki mai aminci
FPC (Sarrafa Samar da Masana'antu)bisa ga EN 10248 / EN 10219 - Bayyana kai na daidaito ga alamar CE
NORSOK M-650(Ma'aunin Norway don kayan ƙarfe) - Akwai don ayyukan Tekun Arewa na bakin teku
KTA 3211.2(Ma'aunin nukiliya na Jamus) - Akwai don aikace-aikacen tarin makaman nukiliya
Amincewa Takamaiman Abokin Ciniki:Muna yin binciken masana'antu akai-akai da amincewa ga manyan 'yan kwangilar EPC, hukumomin tashar jiragen ruwa, da kamfanonin makamashi a duk duniya. Ana ba da tallafin takardu da bincike don tsarin cancantar masu samar da kayayyaki.
Ganewa a Duniya:Womic Steel amintaccen kamfani ne ga 'yan kwangilar EPC na duniya, hukumomin tashar jiragen ruwa, kamfanonin injiniyan ruwa, da kuma 'yan kwangilar tushe, yana hidima ga ƙasashe sama da 80 a faɗin Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya, Turai, Gabas ta Tsakiya, Afirka, da Amurka.
2. ASTM A252 GR.3 & EN 10248 S355GP: Halayen Kayan Aiki da Ayyukansu
ASTM A252 GR.3shine ƙa'idar da Amurka ta ƙera don bututun ƙarfe da aka haɗa da kuma waɗanda ba su da matsala. Alamar "GR.3" tana nuna Aji na 3, wanda ke da mafi girman buƙatar ƙarfi a cikin maki uku na ASTM A252 (GR.1, GR.2, GR.3). Aji na 3 yana ba da mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin samarwa na 345 MPa (50,000 psi), wanda hakan ya sa ya zama zaɓi mafi kyau ga tushe mai zurfi, tarin ruwa, da aikace-aikacen ɗaukar kaya masu nauyi inda ake buƙatar ingantaccen tsari.
EN 10248 S355GPshine ma'aunin Turai na tara takardar ƙarfe mai zafi da kuma tara bututu. "S" yana nufin ƙarfe mai tsari, "355" yana nufin ƙaramin ƙarfin samarwa na 355 MPa, kuma "GP" yana nufin "General Piling" (aikace-aikacen tara bututun gabaɗaya). S355GP yana ba da ɗan ƙarfin samarwa mafi girma fiye da ASTM A252 GR.3 (355 MPa vs 345 MPa) kuma an ƙayyade shi sosai don ayyukan ginin ruwa na Turai, Gabas ta Tsakiya, da Afirka.
An tsara dukkan ma'aunan biyu musamman don amfani da su wajen tattarawa, suna ba da kyakkyawan damar haɗawa a filin, kyakkyawan juriya ga yanayin zafi mai sauƙi ga muhallin ruwa, da kuma isasshen sassauci don jure wa matsin lamba yayin shigar da tarin. Idan aka kwatanta da ma'aunan tsari na yau da kullun kamar A36 ko S235JR, waɗannan ma'aunan tattarawa suna ba da ƙarfin ɗaukar kaya mai yawa, wanda ke ba da damar zurfafa zurfin tuƙi da rage yawan tarin.
Sinadarin Sinadari (Binciken Ladle, kashi ta hanyar nauyi):
| Sinadarin | ASTM A252 GR.3 (Mafi girma %) | EN 10248 S355GP (Matsakaicin %) |
| C | 0.26 | 0.22 |
| Si | — | 0.55 |
| Mn | 1.35 | 1.60 |
| P | 0.040 | 0.035 |
| S | 0.050 | 0.035 |
| Cu | — | 0.55 |
| CE (matsakaicin) | — | 0.45 |
Lura: EN 10248 S355GP yana da ƙa'idodi masu tsauri kan carbon, phosphorus, da sulfur, wanda ke haifar da ingantaccen walda da tauri idan aka kwatanta da ASTM A252 GR.3. An tsara dukkan matakan biyu don amfani da su da kyau don jure wa matsin lamba ba tare da fashewa ba. Iyakar daidai gwargwado na carbon (CEV) na 0.45% ga S355GP yana tabbatar da kyakkyawan damar walda a filin don haɗa tarin.
Halayen Inji (Zafin Ɗaki):
| Kadara | ASTM A252 GR.3 | EN 10248 S355GP |
| Ƙarfin Yawa (minti) | 345 MPa (50,000 psi) | 355 MPa (51,500 psi) |
| Ƙarfin Tauri (minti) | 455 MPa (66,000 psi) | 470 MPa (68,200 psi) |
| Tsawaita (minti) | 20% (don ma'aunin mm 50) | 19% (Na tsawon lokaci) |
| Taurin Tasiri | Ba a kayyade ba | 27 Joules @ 0°C (zaɓi ne) |
*Lura: EN 10248 S355GP yana ba da mafi ƙarancin yawan amfanin ƙasa da ƙarfin juriya idan aka kwatanta da ASTM A252 GR.3. Don aikace-aikacen ruwa waɗanda ke buƙatar ƙarfin tasirin zafi mai ƙarancin zafi, EN 10248 yana ba da damar gwajin tasiri na zaɓi a 0°C (ƙaramin Joules 27). Ga ASTM A252 GR.3, gwajin tasiri ba dole ba ne amma ana iya ƙayyade shi azaman ƙarin buƙata.*
Kwatanta Maki na Tubalan Tubalan:
| Matsayi | Ƙarfin Yawa (MPa) | Ƙarfin Taurin Kai (MPa) | Aikace-aikacen da Aka saba |
| ASTM A252 GR.1 | 205 | 345 | Tushen haske, ƙaramin tarin |
| ASTM A252 GR.2 | 240 | 415 | Matsakaicin kaya, harsashin gini |
| ASTM A252 GR.3 | 345 | 455 | Nauyi mai nauyi, tushe mai zurfi, tushe mai zurfi |
| EN 10248 S235GP | 235 | 360 | Ƙaramin tarin takardu, tarin takardu |
| EN 10248 S275GP | 275 | 410 | Matsakaici nauyi, ganuwar riƙewa |
| EN 10248 S355GP | 355 | 470 | Tushen ruwa mai nauyi, mai zurfi |
*Lura: Ga ayyukan ruwa mafi wahala da ke buƙatar matsin lamba mai yawa da kuma zurfafa bincike, ASTM A252 GR.3 da EN 10248 S355GP sune matakan da aka ba da shawarar. Ga ayyukan da ke buƙatar ƙarin ƙarfi (har zuwa 460 MPa), ana iya ɗaukar API 5L X65 ko EN 10225 S460G10+M a matsayin madadin.*
3. Tsarin Girma da Bin Ka'idoji
Kamfanin Womic Steel yana samar da bututun ƙarfe na ruwa a fadin faɗin girma, wanda ya cika ka'idojin ASTM A252, EN 10248, da sauran ƙa'idodin ƙasashen duniya. Ana samun hanyoyin ERW (Electric Resistance Welded) da LSAW (Longitudinal Submerged Arc Welded) don rufe cikakken kewayon diamita.
| Abu | Ƙayyadewa |
| Daidaitacce | ASTM A252 (GR.1, GR.2, GR.3) / EN 10248 (S235GP, S275GP, S355GP) |
| Tsarin Masana'antu | ERW (219mm-660mm OD) / LSAW (508mm-3,000mm OD) / SSAW (508mm-3,000mm OD) |
| Nisan Diamita na Waje | ERW: 219mm - 660mm (8 "- 26") / LSAW/SSAW: 508mm - 3,000mm (20" - 120") |
| Nisan Kauri na Bango | ERW: 6.0mm – 25.4mm / LSAW/SSAW: 6.0mm – 50.8mm |
| Nisan Tsawon | Daidaitacce: 6m, 12m, 18m / Musamman: har zuwa 60m |
| Ƙarshen Ƙarshe | Ƙarshen Bayyana (PE) / Ƙarshen Beveled (BE) tare da zoben ƙarfe na hadaya zaɓi |
| Ƙarshen Fuskar | Bare / Mai / Baƙi Mai Rufi / 3PE / FBE / Kwal Tar Epoxy |
| Juriya | OD: ±1.0% / WT: -0% +15% (ASTM) ko ±10% (EN) / Tsawon: +50mm -0mm |
4. Girman da ake da su da kuma ƙayyadaddun bayanai - Bututun ƙarfe na ruwa
Bututun ERW (219mm – 660mm OD)
| OD (mm) | Zaɓuɓɓukan Kauri na Bango (mm) | Nauyi (kg/m) | Tsawon Daidaitacce |
| 219.1 | 6.0, 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 15.0 | 31.5 - 75.5 | mita 6 / mita 12 |
| 273.1 | 6.0, 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 15.0, 18.0 | 39.5 - 113.2 | mita 6 / mita 12 |
| 323.9 | 6.0, 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 15.0, 18.0, 20.0 | 47.0 - 149.8 | mita 6 / mita 12 / mita 18 |
| 355.6 | 6.0, 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 15.0, 18.0, 20.0, 22.0 | 51.7 - 180.8 | mita 6 / mita 12 / mita 18 |
| 406.4 | 6.0, 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 15.0, 18.0, 20.0, 22.0, 25.0 | 59.2 - 235.1 | mita 6 / mita 12 / mita 18 |
| 457.2 | 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 15.0, 18.0, 20.0, 22.0, 25.0 | 88.6 - 266.5 | mita 6 / mita 12 / mita 18 |
| 508.0 | 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 15.0, 18.0, 20.0, 22.0, 25.0 | 98.6 - 297.8 | mita 6 / mita 12 / mita 18 |
| 558.8 | 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 15.0, 18.0, 20.0, 22.0, 25.0 | 108.7 - 329.1 | mita 6 / mita 12 / mita 18 |
| 609.6 | 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 15.0, 18.0, 20.0, 22.0, 25.0 | 118.7 - 360.4 | mita 6 / mita 12 / mita 18 |
| 660.4 | 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 15.0, 18.0, 20.0, 22.0, 25.0 | 128.7 - 391.7 | mita 6 / mita 12 / mita 18 |
Bututun LSAW mai girma (508mm – 3,000mm OD)
| OD (mm) | Zaɓuɓɓukan Kauri na Bango (mm) | Nauyi (kg/m) | Tsawon Daidaitacce |
| 508 – 610 | 6.0 – 25.4 | 74.3 – 366.3 | mita 6 / mita 12 / mita 18 |
| 610 – 762 | 6.0 – 30.0 | 89.4 – 541.5 | mita 6 / mita 12 / mita 18 |
| 762 – 914 | 8.0 – 35.0 | 148.8 – 758.5 | mita 6 / mita 12 / mita 18 / mita 24 |
| 914 – 1,067 | 10.0 – 40.0 | 222.9 – 1,013.2 | mita 6 / mita 12 / mita 18 / mita 24 |
| 1,067 – 1,220 | 12.0 – 45.0 | 312.2 – 1,303.9 | mita 6 / mita 12 / mita 18 / mita 24 |
| 1,220 – 1,422 | 12.0 – 50.0 | 357.6 – 1,692.0 | mita 6 / mita 12 / mita 18 / mita 24 |
| 1,422 – 1,625 | 12.0 – 50.0 | 417.3 – 1,941.4 | mita 6 / mita 12 / mita 18 / mita 24 |
| 1,625 – 2,000 | 12.0 – 50.8 | 477.1 – 2,441.1 | mita 6 / mita 12 / mita 18 / mita 24 |
| 2,000 – 2,500 | 12.0 – 50.8 | 588.5 – 3,065.7 | mita 6 / mita 12 / mita 18 |
| 2,500 – 3,000 | 12.0 – 50.8 | 736.5 – 3,693.4 | mita 6 / mita 12 / mita 18 |
Lura: Ana samun girma na musamman a wajen waɗannan jeri idan an buƙata. Ana samun manyan diamita (har zuwa 4,000mm / 160") don ayyuka na musamman.
5. Ka'idojin Bututun Ruwa, Ruwa da Tushe na gama gari da Womic Steel ta ƙera
| Daidaitacce | Karfe maki | Aikace-aikacen da Aka saba |
| Ma'aunin Tarin ASTM | ||
| ASTM A252 (Tsarin Takamaiman Bayani na Bututun Karfe Masu Walda da Mara Sumul) | GR.1, GR.2, GR.3 | Tushen bututun ƙarfe don zurfin tushe, tarin ruwa |
| ASTM A500 (Tsarin Bayani na Musamman don Bututun Tsarin Carbon Karfe Mai Sanyi da Mara Sumul) | GR.A, GR.B, GR.C | Bututun zagaye/murabba'i na tsarin gini don tara da ƙarfafa gwiwa |
| ASTM A501 (Tsarin Bayani na Musamman don Bututun Tsarin Carbon Mai Zafi da Mara Sumul) | GR.A, GR.B | Bututun tsari mai zafi don tara abubuwa |
| ASTM A690 (Tsarin Daidaitacce don Ƙaramin Ƙarfi Mai Ƙarfi na Nickel-Copper-Phosphorus Steel H-Piles da Tarin Takarda) | Matsayin Mai Ruwa | Tarin ƙarfe mai jure lalata ruwan teku |
| ASTM A572 (Tsarin Daidaitacce don Karfe Mai Ƙarfi Mai Ƙarfi Mai Ƙarfi Mai Ƙarfi Mai Ƙarfi Mai Ƙarfi Mai Columbium-Vanadium Structural Karfe) | GR.42, GR.50, GR.60, GR.65 | Tsarin ginin ƙarfe mai ƙarfi mai ƙarancin ƙarfe |
| ASTM A588 (Tsarin Daidaitacce don Karfe Mai Ƙarfi Mai Ƙarfi Mai Ƙarfi Tare da Juriyar Tsabtace Yanayi) | GR.A, GR.B, GR.C | Tushen ƙarfe mai ƙarfi, harsashin gada |
| ASTM A913 (Tsarin Takamaiman Ma'auni don Siffofin Karfe Masu Ƙarfi Masu Ƙarfi Masu Inganci) | GR.50, GR.60, GR.65, GR.70 | Babban ƙarfin ƙarfe tare da ingantaccen ƙarfin walda |
| ASTM A857 (Tsarin Takaddun Karfe, Tsarin Sanyi, Ma'aunin Haske) | — | Tarin takardar ma'aunin haske mai sanyi |
| EN / DIN / BS / NF Piling Standards | ||
| TS EN 10248 Tarin zanen ƙarfe mai zafi - Yanayin isar da fasaha don ƙarfe marasa ƙarfe | S235GP, S275GP, S355GP | Tarin takardar ƙarfe mai zafi da kuma tarin bututu |
| TS EN 10219 Sassan ƙarfe masu rami da aka haɗa da ƙarfe mai laushi don dalilai na tsari | S235JRH, S275JRH, S355JRH, S355J2H | Sassan tsarin da aka ƙera da sanyi don haɗa abubuwa |
| TS EN 10025 Kayayyakin ƙarfe masu zafi da aka yi da ƙarfe mai tsari - ƙarfe marasa ƙarfe | S235JR, S275JR, S355JR, S355J2, S420ML, S460ML | Karfe mai zafi da aka yi birgima don tara kaya da amfani da shi a ruwa |
| TS EN 10225 Karfe mai ƙarfi don gine-ginen da aka gyara a ƙasashen waje | S355G8+M, S355G10+M, S420G1+QT, S460G1+QT | Karfe na bakin teku da tsarin ruwa don tara abubuwa |
| TS EN 10348 Karfe don tattara takardu - Tarin takardu na ƙarfe mara ƙarfe mai zafi da aka birgima | S240GP, S270GP, S320GP, S355GP | Tarin zanen ƙarfe mai zafi don riƙe bango |
| DIN 2458 (Bututun ƙarfe da kayan haɗin da aka haɗa da walda - Sharuɗɗan Isarwa na Fasaha na Gabaɗaya - an maye gurbinsu da EN 10219) | St37.0, St44.0, St52.0 | Bututun ƙarfe na Jamus na yau da kullun don tara abubuwa |
| DIN 17100 (Ƙarfe don Tsarin Gida - an maye gurbinsa da EN 10025) | St37-2, St44-2, St52-3 | Karfe na tsarin Jamus na yau da kullun don tara abubuwa |
| BS 1387 (Bayani game da Bututun Karfe da Tubular da aka Sukure da Socket - an maye gurbinsu da EN 10255) | Aji A, Aji B, Aji C | Bututun ƙarfe na Burtaniya na yau da kullun don tara abubuwa da kuma shimfidar abubuwa |
| BS 4360 (Bayani game da Karfe Mai Zarfi - wanda aka maye gurbinsa da EN 10025) | Darasi na 43A, 43B, 50B | Karfe mai tsari na Burtaniya don tara abubuwa (na tarihi) |
| NF A49-311 (Tubes en acier soudés zuba le pillage - Faransanci ma'auni) | E24, E36 | Bututun ƙarfe na Faransa na yau da kullun don tara abubuwa |
| Ma'aunin API / JIS / KS / AS / CSA na Tarin Ka'idoji | ||
| API 5L (Bayani don Bututun Layi) | GR.B, X42, X52, X65, X70 | Bututun layi da ake amfani da shi azaman tarin abubuwa (wanda aka saba amfani da shi a ƙasashen waje) |
| API 2B (Bayani don ƙera bututun ƙarfe na gini don aikace-aikacen ƙasashen waje) | GR.42, GR.50, GR.60 | Tarin bututun ƙarfe na bakin teku |
| JIS A5525 (Tushen Bututun Karfe) | SKK490, SKK540 | Tubalan bututun ƙarfe don tashar jiragen ruwa da gine-ginen ruwa |
| JIS A5528 (Tarin Takardun Karfe) | SY295, SY390 | Tarin takardar ƙarfe mai bututun ƙarfe don gina tashar jiragen ruwa |
| JIS A5526 (Tarin Takardun Karfe) | SYW295, SYW390 | Tarin takardar ƙarfe mai zafi da aka yi birgima |
| JIS G3444 (Bututun Karfe na Carbon don Tsarin Gida) | STK290, STK400, STK490, STK540 | Bututun ƙarfe na carbon don tarin tsari |
| JIS G3136 (Karafa Mai Naɗewa Don Tsarin Gine-gine) | SN400, SN490 | Karfe don gina harsashin gini |
| KS D 3566 (Bututun Karfe na Carbon don Tsarin Gida - Matsayin Koriya) | STK290, STK400, STK490, STK540 | Bututun tsarin Koriya na yau da kullun don tara abubuwa |
| KS D 3862 (Tushen Bututun Karfe - ma'aunin Koriya) | SKK400, SKK490, SKK540 | Tubalan bututun ƙarfe na Koriya na yau da kullun don tsarin tashar jiragen ruwa |
| AS 1163 (Sassan Karfe Masu Rami - Ma'aunin Ostiraliya) | C250, C350, C450 | Sassan tsarin gine-gine na yau da kullun na Australiya don tara abubuwa |
| AS 1074 (Bututun Karfe da Bututun Tubula don Ayyukan Yau da Kullum - ma'aunin Ostiraliya) | — | Bututun ƙarfe na Australiya na yau da kullun don tarin abubuwa |
| CSA G40.21 (Ingancin Karfe - Matsayin Kanada) | 44W, 50W, 50A | Karfe mai tsari na Kanada don tara abubuwa |
| NORSOK / DNV / ISO Piling Standards | ||
| NORSOK Y15 (Tsarin Karfe na Ƙasashen Waje - Bukatun Kayan Aiki) | S355, S420, S460 | Ma'aunin Norway don tsarin ƙarfe na ƙasashen waje |
| NORSOK M-650 (Cancancin Masana'antun Kayayyaki na Musamman don Amfani a Ƙasashen Waje) | Duk maki | Cancantar samar da kayan aiki a ƙasashen waje |
| DNV-OS-B101 (Kayan ƙarfe don Gine-ginen Ƙasashen Waje) | S355, S420, S460 | Ma'aunin DNV don tarin ƙarfe na waje |
| DNV-OS-C201 (Tsarin Tsarin Na'urorin Ƙasashen Waje - Bukatun Kayan Aiki) | S355, S420, S460 | Ma'aunin DNV don tarin tsarin waje |
| TS EN ISO 630 (Karafa Mai Tsarin - Faranti, manyan lebur, sanduna, sassan) | Fe360, Fe430, Fe510 | Ka'idar ƙasa da ƙasa don tara ƙarfe a cikin ginin gini |
| TS EN ISO 3183 Masana'antar Man Fetur da Iskar Gas - Bututun ƙarfe don tsarin jigilar bututun mai | L245, L290, L360, L415, L450, L485 | Daidaiton ISO na API 5L don tarin bututun layi |
| Sauran Ka'idojin Tarin Ƙasashen Duniya | ||
| GOST 10706 (Bututun Karfe da aka Walda don Bututun da Tsarin - ƙa'idar Rasha) | St20, St35, St45 | Bututun ƙarfe na Rasha na yau da kullun da aka haɗa don tara abubuwa |
| GOST 20295 (Bututun Karfe da aka Walda don Babban Bututun Gas da Mai - ƙa'idar Rasha) | K38, K52, K60 | Bututun layi na yau da kullun na Rasha da ake amfani da shi azaman tarin abubuwa |
| NBR 8261 (Tsarin Karfe don Gine-gine na Farar Hula - ma'aunin Brazil) | — | Bututun ƙarfe na Brazil na yau da kullun |
| IRAM 688 (Bututun Karfe don Amfani da Tsarin Gine-gine - Ma'aunin Argentina) | F24, F36 | Bututun tsarin Argentina na yau da kullun don tara abubuwa |
| SANS 657 (Bututun Karfe don Amfani da Tsarin Gine-gine - Ma'aunin Afirka ta Kudu) | — | Bututun tsarin Afirka ta Kudu na yau da kullun don tara abubuwa |
Amfani:Tushen harsashi mai zurfi, tarin ruwa, harsashin dandamali na teku, ginin tashar jiragen ruwa da tashar jiragen ruwa, harsashin gada, kariyar bakin teku, ruwan da ke shiga ruwa, tsarin fender, tarin jaket, ginin tashar jiragen ruwa da tashar jiragen ruwa, gyaran ƙasa, horar da kogi, injiniyan rami, gina tashar jiragen ruwa mai zurfi, harsashin sake gina girgizar ƙasa, ganuwar riƙewa, kwalaye, harsashin caisson, harsashin injinan iska na teku, harsashin bututun ruwa da ke ƙarƙashin ruwa, ganuwar tarin takardu
6. Tsarin Kera Bututun Karfe na ERW & LSAW
Tsarin Walda Mai Juriya da Wutar Lantarki (ERW) don Bututun Tarawa (219mm – 660mm OD):
Duba Kayan Danye (Coil):Ana tabbatar da ingancin sinadaran da ke shigowa, halayen injina, da kuma ingancin saman idan aka kwatanta da ASTM A252, EN 10248, ko ƙayyadaddun abokan ciniki. Kowane na'ura an sanya mata lambar zafi ta musamman don tabbatar da cikakken gano kayan a duk lokacin samarwa.
Buɗewa da Daidaitawa:Ana ɗora na'urorin ƙarfe a kan na'urar buɗewa sannan a tura su ta hanyar injin daidaita daidaito don daidaita tsiri, cire saitin na'urar da kuma tabbatar da daidaiton siffa don samar da daidaito.
Niƙa da Gyaran Gefen:An niƙa gefuna biyu na tsawon layin ƙarfe kuma an gyara su zuwa ga daidaitaccen jurewar faɗin (±0.5mm). Shirya gefen yana ƙirƙirar saman tsabta, mai layi ɗaya wanda ke da mahimmanci don ƙirƙirar walda mai inganci.
Samarwa (Sanyi):Zaren da aka daidaita yana ratsawa ta cikin jerin naɗe-naɗe masu tasowa (ɓangaren lalacewa, naɗe-naɗen gefe, da kuma naɗe-naɗen fin) waɗanda a hankali suke samar da zaren mai faɗi zuwa siffar silinda mai buɗewa (babban harsashin bututu) tare da gefuna da aka shirya don walda.
Walda Mai Yawan Mita (HFW / ERW):Bututun da aka samar yana ratsa ta cikin na'urorin shigar da iska mai yawan mita ko takalman da ke taɓawa. Wutar lantarki mai yawan mita (yawanci 200-500 kHz) tana dumama gefunan haɗuwa har zuwa zafin da aka ƙirƙira (kimanin 1,350-1,500°C). Walda mai ƙarfi tana faruwa yayin da gefunan da aka dumama aka matse su tare ta hanyar matsewa, suna ƙirƙirar walda mai ƙirƙira ba tare da ƙarin kayan cikawa ba.
Cire Beads na Weld (Na Ciki & Na Waje):Ana cire walƙiya ta ciki da waje (ƙarfe mai yawa na walda) ta hanyar amfani da kayan aikin carbide (ruwan wuƙaƙen scarfing) yayin da yankin walda har yanzu yana da zafi, yana samar da santsi a saman tare da ƙarancin ƙarfafa walda.
Girman da Siffantawa:Bututun da aka haɗa yana ratsawa ta cikin jerin naɗe-naɗen girma don cimma daidaiton ƙarshe na ƙarshe na diamita na waje (yawanci ±0.5% zuwa ±1.0% ya danganta da daidaito).
Maganin Zafi (Zaɓi):Ga aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar ingantaccen sassauci ko rage damuwa, yankin walda (ko dukkan bututun) na iya yin maganin zafi a layi ko a waje. Daidaita yanayin zafi a 890-930°C yana samar da tsarin ferrite-pearlite iri ɗaya.
Yankewa zuwa Tsawon:Ana yanke bututun mai ci gaba zuwa tsayin da aka ƙayyade ta amfani da yanke-yanke masu tashi (yankewar sanyi) tare da daidaitaccen tsarin tsawon (±3mm don tsayin da aka saba, +50mm -0mm don takamaiman bayanai na tarin).
Gwajin da Ba Ya Lalacewa (NDT):
Gwajin Ultrasonic 100% (UT):Tsarin UT na atomatik yana duba dukkan haɗin walda da kuma cikakken bututun don gano laminations, abubuwan da aka haɗa, da kuma rashin haɗuwa.
Gwajin Eddy na Yanzu (ET):Ci gaba da duba ingancin walda a yanar gizo yayin samarwa.
Gwajin Hydrostatic (Zaɓi ne):Ana samunsa akan buƙatar abokin ciniki don aikace-aikacen tarin abubuwa masu mahimmanci waɗanda ke buƙatar tabbatar da ingancin matsin lamba.
Ƙarshen Kammalawa:Ƙarshen da aka yanke (yanke murabba'i) ko ƙarshen da aka yanke (kusurwar bevel 30-35°) kamar yadda abokin ciniki ya ƙayyade. Ana iya haɗa zoben ƙarfe na hadaya zuwa ƙarshen bututu don ƙarin kariya yayin tuƙa tarin.
Dubawa da Alamar Ƙarshe:Duba gani don lahani a saman, tabbatar da girma (OD, WT, tsayi, madaidaiciya), da kuma alamar dindindin bisa ga ƙa'idar da ta dace (gami da matakin, girma, lambar zafi, da kuma gano masana'anta).
Tsarin LSAW (Waldin Arc Mai Zurfi Mai Tsayi) don Bututun Tuba (508mm – 3,000mm OD):
Duba Kayan Danye (Fararen Zane):Ana tabbatar da sinadaran da ke shigowa, halayen injina, ingancin saman, da daidaiton girma bisa ga ASTM A252, EN 10248, ko ƙayyadaddun bayanai na abokin ciniki. Kowane farantin an sanya masa lambar zafi ta musamman don cikakken ganowa.
Shiri na Gefen Farantin (Beveling):Ana yin amfani da injin niƙa gefen farantin ƙarfe mai tsayi (yawanci V ɗaya ko biyu) ta amfani da injinan niƙa gefen don ƙirƙirar yanayin da ya dace don walda a ƙarƙashin ruwa.
Lanƙwasa Faranti (Samfura):Ana ƙirƙirar farantin da aka shirya zuwa siffar silinda mai buɗewa ta amfani da mashin lanƙwasa farantin (ƙirƙirar JCO, ƙirƙirar UO, ko tsarin lanƙwasa na 3-mirgina / 4-mirgina ya danganta da buƙatun diamita da kauri).
Walda ta manne:Ana haɗa ɗinkin da aka buɗe a lokaci-lokaci don kiyaye siffar silinda yayin babban aikin walda.
Walda Mai Nutsewa a Cikin Gida (SAW):Ana haɗa ɗinkin da ke tsaye a ciki ta amfani da kayan aikin walda mai sarrafa kansa ta hanyar amfani da na'urar walda mai sarrafa kanta wadda ke ɗauke da ruwa mai yawa da kuma haɗin waya mai dacewa (yawanci yana wucewa ɗaya ko fiye ya danganta da kauri na bango).
Walda Mai Nutsewa a Cikin Ruwa (SAW):Ana yin walda ta waje ta amfani da kayan aikin walda ta atomatik da ke nutsewa a cikin ruwa, wanda ke kammala cikakken walda mai shiga.
Faɗaɗawa (Zaɓi ne):Ana iya faɗaɗa bututun da aka haɗa ta hanyar injiniya (yawanci faɗaɗawa 0.3-1.5%) don inganta daidaiton girma (zagaye da madaidaiciya) da kuma rage matsin lamba na walda da ya rage.
Gwajin da Ba Ya Lalacewa (NDT):
Gwajin Ultrasonic 100% (UT):Tsarin UT na atomatik yana duba dukkan ɗinkin walda (na ciki da na waje) da kuma cikakken jikin bututu don laminations, haɗawa, rashin haɗuwa, da sauran katsewa.
Gwajin Riga-kafi (RT):Duba X-ray ko gamma-ray na dinkin walda (tabo ko cikakken tsawon kamar yadda aka ƙayyade) don tabbatar da ingancin walda da shigarsa.
Binciken Magnetic Barbashi (MPI):Duba yatsun hannu da aka yi da walda da kuma yankin da zafi ya shafa don ganin fashewar saman da kuma rashin ci gaba.
Ƙarshen Kammalawa:Ƙarshen da aka yanke (yanke murabba'i) ko ƙarshen da aka yanke (kusurwar bevel 30°-35° tare da saukowa 1.6mm ±0.8mm) kamar yadda abokin ciniki ya ƙayyade. Ana iya haɗa zoben ƙarfe na hadaya zuwa ƙarshen bututu don kariyar tuƙi.
Dubawa da Alamar Ƙarshe:Duba gani don lahani a saman, tabbatar da girma (OD, WT, tsayi, madaidaiciya, zagaye), da kuma alamar dindindin bisa ga ƙa'idar da ta dace.
7. Tsarin Kula da Inganci da Gwaji don Tubalan Bututu
| Matakin mataki | Hanyar Dubawa | Manufa |
| Albarkatun kasa | Binciken Sinadarai (OES Spectrometer) | Tabbatar da bin ƙa'idodin ASTM A252 / EN 10248 |
| Albarkatun kasa | Gwajin Taurin Kai | Tabbatar da ƙarfin yawan amfanin ƙasa, ƙarfin juriya, da kuma tsawo |
| Albarkatun kasa | Gwajin Ultrasonic (Farare/Coil) | Gano laminations na ciki da lahani |
| A Cikin Aiki (ERW) | Duba Girma (Micrometers, Calipers) | Kula da OD, WT yayin ƙirƙirar da girma |
| A Cikin Aiki (LSAW) | Duba Shiri na Gefen | Tabbatar da kusurwar bevel, saukarwa, da yanayin saman |
| Yankin Walda (ERW) | Gwajin Ultrasonic (UT) - Akan Layi | Gano katsewar walda, rashin haɗuwa |
| Yankin Walda (LSAW) | Gwajin Ultrasonic (UT) - Atomatik | Cikakken duba kamun ludayi don lahani na ciki/waje |
| Yankin Walda (LSAW) | Gwajin Radiography (RT) | Tabbatar da shigar walda, porosity, da kuma haɗa slag |
| Yankin Walda | Binciken Magnetic Barbashi (MPI) | Gano tsagewar saman (walda da HAZ) |
| Bututun da aka gama | Dubawa Mai Girma | Tabbatar da OD, WT, tsayi, madaidaiciya, da'ira |
| Bututun da aka gama | Gwajin Hydrostatic (Zaɓi) | Tabbatar da ingancin matsin lamba don aikace-aikace masu mahimmanci |
| Bututun da aka gama | Gwajin Lanƙwasa Mai Jagorori | Tabbatar da daidaito da kuma daidaiton walda |
| Bututun da aka gama | Gwajin Faɗi (ERW kawai) | Tabbatar da ductility da kuma ingancin bututun |
| Bututun da aka gama | Gwajin Tasirin Charpy V-Notch (Zaɓi ne) | Tabbatar da ƙarfin zafi mai ƙarancin zafi don amfani da ruwa |
| Bututun da aka gama | Gwajin Tauri (Zaɓi ne) | Tabbatar da matsakaicin tauri don sauƙin walda |
| Bututun da aka gama | Duba Gani & Fuskar Sama | Duba don ganin lahani a saman, laminations, da fasa |
| Bututun da aka gama | Tabbatar da Alamar | Tabbatar da yin alama ta dindindin bisa ga ƙa'ida |
Gwaje-gwajen Zaɓuɓɓuka don Aikace-aikacen Ruwa da na Ƙasashen Waje Masu Muhimmanci:
● Gwaji don taurin karyewar ƙarfe (CTOD) (Matsalar Buɗewar Karyewar Ƙuraje)
● Gwajin HIC (Tsagewar Hydrogen) ga NACE TM0284
● Gwajin SSC (Fashewar Damuwar Sulfide) ga NACE TM0177
● Gwajin Tauri (HV10 ko HRC) don cancantar sabis mai tsami
Takardun Inganci:
● Takaddun Shaidar Gwajin Injin Inji bisa ga EN 10204 Nau'in 2.2, 3.1, ko 3.2
● Rahoton Gwajin Ultrasonic (walda da jiki)
● Rahoton Gwajin Riga-kafi (idan an ƙayyade)
● Rahoton Duba Girma
● Canzawa daga lambar zafi zuwa bututun da aka gama
8. Babban Aikace-aikacen - Bututun Tarin Karfe na Ruwa
ASTM A252 GR.3 da EN 10248 S355GP bututun ƙarfe na ruwa muhimmin sashi ne a cikin zurfin tushe, ginin ruwa, da manyan ayyukan injiniyan farar hula:
Zurfin Tushen Ginawa:Tubalan ɗaukar kaya don gine-gine masu tsayi, gadoji, wuraren masana'antu, da gine-gine masu nauyi waɗanda ke buƙatar tallafi mai zurfi na tushe. Babban ƙarfin GR.3 da S355GP yana ba da damar zurfafa zurfin tuƙi da kuma ƙarfin ɗaukar kaya mai yawa.
Gidauniyar Dandalin Ruwa da Tashar Ruwa:Tushen tushe na dandamalin mai da iskar gas na teku, injinan haƙo mai, dandamalin samarwa, da harsashin injinan iska na teku. Tushen ruwa dole ne ya jure tasirin raƙuman ruwa, ƙarfin lantarki, da muhallin ruwan teku mai lalata.
Gina Tashar Jiragen Ruwa, Tashar Jiragen Ruwa da Tashar Jiragen Ruwa:Tarin tasoshin kwantena, tashoshin jigilar kaya masu yawa, tashoshin fasinjoji, wuraren Ro-Ro, da kuma tasoshin jigilar kaya na gabaɗaya. Tarin yana ba da tallafi ga tsarin bene, dolphins masu tsayawa, da dolphins masu shayarwa.
Gidauniyar Gada da kuma tashar jiragen ruwa:Tushen tushe mai zurfi don mashigar gada, mahaɗa, da harsashin hasumiya don gadoji masu amfani da kebul da kuma waɗanda aka dakatar. Tushen suna canja wurin kayan gini zuwa gaɓoɓin masu ɗaukar kaya masu ƙwarewa.
Kariyar Teku & Katangar Teku:Tarin gine-ginen bangon teku, gyaran bakin teku, kariyar bakin teku, da kuma rage zaizayar ƙasa. Tarin bututun ƙarfe suna ba da tallafi mai ƙarfi ga sassan sulke da kuma rufin siminti.
Gina Ruwa Mai Ruwa da Jet:Tushen tarkacen tarkacen tudun tarkacen ruwa, magudanar ruwa a tsaye a bango, magudanar ruwa, da kuma tarkacen tarkacen. Tudun suna samar da daidaiton tushe ga gine-ginen da ke wargaza raƙuman ruwa.
Tallafin Tsarin Fender:Tallafawa tarin kayan kariya na ruwa a fuskokin tashar jiragen ruwa da kuma tsarin girki. Tudun suna shan kuzarin girki kuma suna kare tasoshin ruwa da tsarinsu yayin aikin girki.
Tarin Jaket don Dandalin Mai da Iskar Gas:Ana tara manyan ramukan jaket waɗanda ke tallafawa hanyoyin samar da mai da iskar gas. Ana tura manyan ramuka masu kauri da kauri ta cikin ƙafafun jaket ɗin kuma a yi musu grouting a wurinsu.
Maido da Filaye & Maido da Katanga:Tarin gine-ginen wuraren da aka rufe, bangon teku na kewaye, da kuma wuraren da aka rufe. Tarin gine-gine suna samar da daidaito a tsarin ayyukan faɗaɗa filaye.
Horar da Koguna & Kula da Ambaliyar Ruwa:Tarin kariyar gefen kogi, gaɓar jagora, magudanar ruwa, da kuma tsarin shawo kan ambaliyar ruwa. Tarin bututun ƙarfe yana daidaita gaɓar kogi kuma yana kare shi daga gurɓatawa da zaizayar ƙasa.
Injiniyan Rami da Yankewa da Murfi:Tushen ramin da aka yanke kuma aka rufe, bangon tubalan sirri, da kuma tsarin tallafi na hanyar ramin. Tushen suna ba da tallafi a tsaye da kuma a gefe ga gine-ginen karkashin kasa.
Gidauniyar Gyaran Girgizar Ƙasa:Ana tattara kayan gyara gine-ginen da ke akwai, gami da harsashin gada, harsashin gini, da kuma gine-ginen tashar jiragen ruwa waɗanda ke buƙatar ƙarin juriya ga girgizar ƙasa.
9. Marufi da Jigilar Kaya - Bututun Tarin Karfe na Ruwa
Ana naɗe bututun ƙarfe na ASTM A252 GR.3 da EN 10248 S355GP na ruwa kuma ana jigilar su da matuƙar kulawa don tabbatar da kariyarsu yayin jigilar kaya. Ga bayanin yadda ake marufi da jigilar kaya don manyan bututun tara manyan diamita:
Marufi:
Rufin Kariya:Kafin a marufi, ana iya shafa bututun da wani siririn mai na hana tsatsa ko kuma fenti mai kariya don hana tsatsa da kuma yin oxidation a saman yayin ajiya da jigilar kaya. Haka kuma ana iya amfani da fenti nan take a inda ake so ko kuma a wuraren da ake amfani da su a cikin ruwa inda aka ƙayyade izinin tsatsa.
Haɗawa (Ƙananan diamita):Ga ƙananan bututun diamita (yawanci ƙasa da 610mm / 24"), ana haɗa bututun tare a cikin ƙugiya mai siffar murabba'i ko murabba'i. Ana ɗaure su ta amfani da madauri na ƙarfe (yawanci madauri 3-5 a kowane ƙugiya tare da masu kariya na kusurwa) don hana motsi a cikin ƙugiyar.
Tarawa na Mutum ɗaya (Babban Diamita):Ga manyan bututun diamita (sama da 610mm / 24"), yawanci ana sarrafa bututun kuma ana jigilar su daban-daban saboda nauyi da ƙarancin girma. Famfon katako ko roba da aka sanya a tsakanin layukan bututun yana hana lalatawa da lalata rufin.
Hulunan Ƙarshe:Ana sanya murfin ƙarshen roba ko ƙarfe a kan ƙarshen kowane bututu (ko naɗe filastik don ƙarshen da aka yanke) don kare ƙarshen da aka yanke, ƙarshen da aka yanke, da haɗin zare daga lalacewar buguwa, shigar tarkace, da danshi.
Zoben Karfe na Hadaya (Zaɓi ne):Ga bututun tara da ke buƙatar ƙarin kariya daga ƙarshen tuƙi yayin tuƙi, ana haɗa zoben ƙarfe na hadaya (yawanci faɗin mm 50-100, kauri mm 6-12) zuwa ƙarshen tuƙi na kowane bututu. Waɗannan zoben suna shanye tasirin guduma mai tuƙi kuma suna kare ƙarshen bututun daga lalacewa.
Kullewa da Kushin ƙafa:Don yin odar fitarwa ta musamman, ana amfani da kayan shafa kamar zoben kumfa, sandunan roba, ko dunnage na katako tsakanin layukan bututu don hana gogewa, lalacewar shafi, da lalacewar tasiri yayin sarrafawa da jigilar kaya.
Ma'aunin Ɗagawa:Ana iya ƙara madaurin ɗagawa ko wuraren ɗagawa da aka keɓe a cikin bututu masu nauyi (sama da kilogiram 2,000 a kowace bututu) don sauƙaƙe sauke kaya lafiya a inda za a je ta amfani da crane ko forklift.
Jigilar kaya:
Yanayin Sufuri:Ana jigilar bututu ta hanyar jiragen ruwa na kwantena (kwantenan ƙafa 20 ko ƙafa 40 don ƙananan diamita), masu ɗaukar kaya masu yawa (karya girman don manyan diamita da manyan girma), ko jigilar jirgin ƙasa, ya danganta da inda za a je, girman oda, da gaggawar isarwa. Ana iya amfani da jiragen ruwa na ɗaukar kaya na aikin don manyan diamita ko bututu masu tsayi.
Tsarin Kwantena (Ƙananan Diamita):Ga ƙananan bututun da ke da diamita (yawanci ƙasa da 508mm / 20"), ana loda bututun a cikin kwantena na jigilar kaya na ƙafa 20 ko ƙafa 40 don tabbatar da aminci da tsari. Loda kwantena yana kare kaya daga yanayin yanayi, danshi, da gurɓatattun abubuwa na waje. Matsakaicin nauyin kwantena yawanci tan 20-25 ne a kowace kwantena mai ƙafa 20.
Lodawa da Jirgin Ruwa Mai Yawa (Babban Diamita da Babban Girma):Ga manyan bututan da ake sayarwa (yawanci sama da tan 500) ko manyan bututan da diamita (sama da 508mm / 20"), ana loda bututun kai tsaye a cikin manyan kaya ko jiragen ruwa masu amfani da wutar lantarki. Tasoshin ɗagawa da sandunan shimfiɗawa suna hana lalacewa yayin lodi. Ana amfani da sarƙoƙi na dunnage, bulala, da kuma ɗaurewa don hana jigilar kaya yayin jigilar ruwa. Wannan hanyar ta fi araha ga manyan ayyukan tara ruwa.
Akwatunan Faɗi ko Buɗaɗɗen Sama (Tsawo Mai Wuya / Tsawonsa Mai Wuya):Ga bututun da suka wuce girman kwantena na yau da kullun (tsawon da ya wuce mita 12 ko diamita fiye da mita 2.3), ana iya amfani da kwantena masu faɗi ko kwantena masu buɗewa don karyewar adadi mai yawa. Waɗannan kwantena na musamman suna ba da damar jigilar kaya masu yawa cikin aminci.
Lakabi da Takardu:Kowace fakiti ko bututun da aka yi wa lakabi a sarari tana ɗauke da muhimman bayanai, waɗanda suka haɗa da matakin kayan aiki, ma'auni, girma, lambar zafi, lambar fakiti/bututu, da kuma umarnin sarrafa su. An shirya cikakkun takardu na jigilar kaya don share kwastam da kuma bin diddigin kaya.
Bin Dokoki:Don jigilar kaya daga ƙasashen waje, duk takardun kwastam da ake buƙata—gami da takardar kuɗi ta kasuwanci, jerin kayan da aka ɗauka, takardar kuɗin jigilar kaya, takardar shaidar asali (idan ana buƙata), Takaddun Shaidar Gwaji na Masana'antu, da duk wani izinin shigo da kaya—an shirya su don tabbatar da tsafta a tashar jiragen ruwa da za a kai.
Amintaccen ɗaurewa:A cikin motar sufuri ko akwati, ana ɗaure maƙullan da bututun da aka haɗa da juna da kuma ɗaure su da kyau ta amfani da madaurin ƙarfe (tare da kariya daga kusurwoyi), jakunkunan dunnage, madaurin katako, ko madaurin sarka don hana juyawa, birgima, ko motsi wanda zai iya haifar da lalacewa yayin jigilar kaya.
Bibiya da Kulawa:Ana amfani da tsarin bin diddigin kayayyaki na zamani don sa ido kan yanayin jigilar kaya da kuma samar da sabbin bayanai game da wurin da ake jigilar kaya ga abokan ciniki a ainihin lokaci. Ana bayar da lambobin bin diddigin kwantena don duk jigilar kwantena. Ana samun bin diddigin jiragen ruwa don jigilar kaya da yawa.
Inshora:Dangane da ƙimar oda da buƙatun abokan ciniki, ana iya shirya inshorar kaya ta jiragen ruwa (Duk Hadari ko Tare da Matsakaicin Kariya) don biyan asarar da ka iya faruwa ko lalacewa yayin jigilar kaya. Don ayyukan tara kaya masu daraja a cikin jiragen ruwa, ana iya ba da shawarar ƙarin inshorar kayan aiki da shigarwa.
Tsarin Ɗagawa Mai Nauyi:Ga bututu masu nauyi (sama da kilogiram 5,000 a kowace bututu), ana ba da shawarar yin aiki tare da tashar jiragen ruwa don kayan aikin ɗaga nauyi (cranes masu isasshen ƙarfi, sandunan shimfiɗa na musamman). Womic Steel yana ba da cikakkun bayanai game da kaya, gami da nauyin bututun da girma don tsara aikin.
A taƙaice, Womic Steel tana tabbatar da cewa duk bututun ƙarfe na ASTM A252 GR.3 da EN 10248 S355GP an naɗe su da matakan kariya na masana'antu kuma an jigilar su ta amfani da hanyoyin sufuri masu inganci don isa inda za su je a cikin yanayi mafi kyau. Tsarin marufi da jigilar kaya masu kyau suna da mahimmanci don kiyaye inganci da ingancin kayayyakin da aka kawo, musamman ga muhimman ayyukan ginin ruwa.
10. Amfanin Karfe na Womic & Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi - Bututun Karfe na Ruwa
Me Yasa Za A Yi Haɗin Gwiwa Da Womic Steel Don Bututun Ruwa?
Cikakken Tsarin Ayyuka da Girman su:Ana samun dukkan hanyoyin ERW (219mm-660mm OD) da LSAW/SSAW (508mm-3,000mm OD) a ƙarƙashin rufin gida ɗaya, wanda hakan ke kawar da buƙatar masu samar da kayayyaki da yawa. Kauri na bango har zuwa 50.8mm da tsayi har zuwa mita 60 yana samuwa don ayyukan tushe masu zurfi.
Ƙarfin Daidaitacce Biyu:Cikakken bin ƙa'idodin ASTM A252 (GR.1, GR.2, GR.3) da EN 10248 (S235GP, S275GP, S355GP), tare da ƙarin ƙa'idodi (API 5L, EN 10219, JIS A5525, da sauransu). Mai samarwa ɗaya don buƙatun kasuwa da yawa.
Mayar da Hankali kan Ruwa da Tafkin Ruwa:Kwarewa ta musamman a fannin ayyukan tara jiragen ruwa da na teku, ciki har da gina tashoshin jiragen ruwa, dandamali na teku, harsashin gadoji, da ayyukan kare bakin teku. Fahimtar kariyar tsatsa ta teku da kuma buƙatun damuwa.
Zoben Karfe na Hadaya:Ana yin walda a cikin gida na zoben ƙarfe na hadaya zuwa ƙarshen tuƙin bututu don inganta kariya yayin ayyukan tuƙin bututu, rage lalacewar ƙarshen bututu da jinkirin shigarwa.
Ayyukan Ƙara Ƙima:Ana iya amfani da na'urar yanke ƙarshen (30°-35°), yanke ƙarshen da ba a iya amfani da shi ba, murfin kariya (FBE, 3LPE, Coal Tar Epoxy, Galvanizing), da kuma naɗewa daga lalata da ake samu a cikin gida ko ta hanyar kayan haɗin gwiwa masu ƙwarewa.
Ƙarfin Tsawon Lokaci:Tsawon har zuwa mita 60 don ayyukan tushe masu zurfi, rage buƙatun haɗa fili da lokacin shigarwa. Tsawon da aka keɓance yana samuwa ba tare da ƙarin kuɗi ba don kewayon yau da kullun.
Gasar jigilar kayayyaki:Haɗin gwiwa mai mahimmanci tare da masu jigilar kaya na duniya da ƙwararrun kayan aiki yana tabbatar da ingantaccen ɗaukar kaya (kwantena, babban abin fashewa, ko jirgin ruwa na aiki) da jigilar kaya mai inganci a duk duniya don manyan bututun da ke tara kaya.
Cikakken Takardu:Takaddun Shaidar Gwaji na Cikakke (EN 10204 Type 2.2, 3.1, ko 3.2), rahotannin NDT (UT, RT), rahotannin girma, da takaddun bin diddigin da aka bayar ga kowane jigilar kaya. An sauƙaƙe duba na ɓangare na uku (SGS, BV, TÜV, LR, DNV) idan an buƙata.
Zaɓi Womic Steel Group a matsayin abokin tarayya mai aminci don ingantattun bututun ƙarfe na ASTM A252 GR.3 da EN 10248 S355GP da kuma aikin isar da kaya mai ban mamaki ga ayyukan ruwa, na teku, da kuma na zurfafa a duk duniya. Barka da zuwa don tambaya!
Yanar Gizo: www.womicsteel.com
Imel: sales@womicsteel.com
Waya/WhatsApp/WeChat:
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Jack: +86-18390957568
Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi (Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi) - Bututun Karfe Mai Tasowa a Ruwa
T: Menene bambanci tsakanin ASTM A252 GR.3 da EN 10248 S355GP don tarin ruwa?
A: ASTM A252 GR.3 (ma'aunin Amurka) yana da mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin samarwa na 345 MPa (50,000 psi), yayin da EN 10248 S355GP (ma'aunin Turai) yana da mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin samarwa na 355 MPa (51,500 psi). EN 10248 S355GP kuma yana da ɗan ƙaramin iyaka na sinadaran da suka fi tsauri (ƙananan C, P, S) da kuma buƙatun gwajin tasirin zafi mai ƙarancin zafi. Dukansu sun dace da aikace-aikacen tarin ruwa. Zaɓin yawanci ya dogara da ƙayyadaddun aikin da fifikon yanki. Ga ayyuka a Amurka da Asiya waɗanda ke bin ƙa'idodin API/ASTM, an fi son GR.3. Ga ayyukan Turai, Gabas ta Tsakiya, da Afirka, S355GP galibi ana ƙayyade shi.
T: Wace hanyar ƙera ce ya kamata in zaɓa don aikin bututun tara bututun - ERW ko LSAW?
A: Ga diamita na waje har zuwa inci 660 (inci 26), ERW gabaɗaya yana da inganci sosai kuma yana ba da saurin lokacin samar da kayayyaki. Ga diamita daga 508mm zuwa 3,000mm (inci 20 zuwa 120), ana buƙatar LSAW saboda fasahar ERW ba za ta iya samar da waɗannan manyan diamita ba. Ga diamita sama da inci 3,000mm (inci 120), ana iya la'akari da SSAW (wanda aka haɗa da karkace). Bukatun kauri bango suma suna tasiri ga zaɓin tsari - LSAW na iya samun kauri bango (har zuwa 50.8mm) idan aka kwatanta da ERW (yawanci har zuwa 25.4mm). Womic Steel na iya ba da shawara kan mafi kyawun tsari dangane da takamaiman buƙatun girma da kasafin kuɗin aikin.
T: Menene zoben ƙarfe na hadaya kuma yaushe ya kamata a yi amfani da shi?
A: Zoben ƙarfe na hadaya wani ɗan gajeren sashe ne na ƙarfe (yawanci faɗin milimita 50-100, kauri milimita 6-12, bututun da ya dace OD) wanda aka haɗa shi da ƙarshen bututun da ke tuƙawa. Yana shan kuzarin tasiri daga gudumar tuƙawa, yana kare ƙarshen bututun daga lalacewa, busawa, ko tsagewa. Ana ba da shawarar zoben hadaya don:
● Yanayin tuƙi mai wahala (yashi mai yawa, tsakuwa, soket ɗin dutse)
● Gumaka masu nauyi masu tuƙi (ƙarfin kuzari mai yawa)
● Bututun bango masu siriri (rabo tsakanin diamita da kauri > 50)
● Ayyuka masu mahimmanci inda lalacewar ƙarshen bututu zai haifar da jinkirin jadawalin
● Bututun da ke buƙatar hana ruwa shiga bayan tuƙi
T: Waɗanne tsawon zaɓuka ake da su don bututun tara ruwa? Za ku iya samar da ƙarin tsayi don rage haɗa filin?
A: Tsawon da aka saba da shi shine mita 6, mita 12, da mita 18. Don zurfin ayyukan tushe da na ruwa, muna samar da tsayin da aka keɓance har zuwa mita 60 (ƙafa 200) dangane da diamita da kauri na bango. Tsawon da aka ƙara yana ba da fa'idodi masu mahimmanci: raguwar adadin haɗin filin (ƙarancin farashin shigarwa, jadawalin sauri), ingantaccen ci gaba da tsarin, da rage haɗarin lahani na walda. Duk da haka, tsawon da ya fi tsayi yana buƙatar jigilar kaya ta musamman (kwantenan rak, manyan jiragen ruwa, ko kayan aiki) kuma yana iya samun ƙarin farashin jigilar kaya. Muna ba da shawarar inganta tsawon dangane da buƙatun aikin, zaɓuɓɓukan sufuri, da ƙuntatawa na shiga wurin. Da fatan za a ba da cikakkun bayanai game da takamaiman tsawon da lokacin jagora.
T: Waɗanne zaɓuɓɓukan rufewa ne ake da su don bututun tara ruwa don kare shi daga lalata ruwan teku?
A: Muna bayar da zaɓuɓɓukan rufin hana lalata da yawa don yanayin ruwa:
FBE (Fusion Bonded Epoxy):Layer ɗaya ko biyu, kyakkyawan mannewa da juriya ga narkar da cathodic, kauri na yau da kullun shine microns 300-500.
3LPE / 3LPP (Polyethylene mai matakai uku / Polypropylene):Kariyar injiniya mai kyau da juriya ga tsatsa, kauri na yau da kullun 2.0-4.5mm, ya dace da yanayin ruwa mai tsauri.
Epoxy na Kwal:Kyakkyawan juriya ga ruwa da kuma dacewa da kariyar cathodic, kauri na yau da kullun shine microns 300-600.
Galvanizing Mai Zafi:Rufin zinc (yawanci microns 85-100), yana ba da kariya ta sadaukarwa a wuraren lalacewar shafi.
Epoxy mai ruwa:Rufin da aka yi amfani da shi a fili don taɓawa da gyarawa.
Rufin Nauyin Siminti (CWC):Ga bututun da ke ƙarƙashin ruwa waɗanda ke buƙatar tururin iska mai guba.
Ga yawancin aikace-aikacen tarin ruwa, murfin 3LPE ko FBE tare da kariyar cathodic (anodes na hadaya ko kuma kwararar ruwa mai ban sha'awa) shine ma'aunin masana'antu. Zaɓin murfin ya dogara da yanayin ruwan teku (zafin jiki, gishiri, yawan iskar oxygen), tsawon lokacin ƙira (shekaru 20-50), da kasafin kuɗin aikin.
T: Za ku iya samar da bututun da aka tara tare da duba na ɓangare na uku (SGS, BV, TÜV, DNV, LR)?
A: Eh. Muna maraba da kuma sauƙaƙe dubawa daga DNV, BV, SGS, TÜV, ABS, LR, ko duk wani wakili da abokin ciniki ya zaɓa yayin samarwa (yana shaida gwajin kayan aiki, duba girma, NDT, da duba na ƙarshe) da kuma kafin jigilar kaya. 3.2 Takaddun shaida na dubawa waɗanda hukumomin ɓangare na uku suka tabbatar ana ba su akai-akai idan an buƙata. Don ayyukan ƙasashen waje da na ruwa waɗanda ke buƙatar amincewar ƙungiyar rarrabuwa (DNV, ABS, LR, BV), muna haɗa kai tsaye da ƙungiyar don halartar masu bincike da amincewa da takardu.
T: Wane gwaji mara lalatawa (NDT) ake buƙata don bututun tara ruwa?
A: Ga ASTM A252 GR.3, buƙatun NDT na yau da kullun suna da iyaka (babu NDT na tilas ga matakin yau da kullun). Duk da haka, don aikace-aikacen ruwa da na ƙasashen waje masu mahimmanci, muna ba da shawara kuma za mu iya samar da:
Gwajin Ultrasonic 100% (UT)na dinki da bututun walda (na LSAW da ERW)
Binciken Magnetic Barbashi (MPI)na yatsun hannu da aka yi da walda da kuma yankin da zafi ya shafa
Gwajin Radiography (RT)na dinkin walda (tabo ko cikakken tsawon)
Duba Laminar UTgefunan faranti kafin walda (na LSAW)
Ga EN 10248 S355GP, mai siye zai iya ƙayyade ƙarin gwaji gami da UT ko MPI. Kullum muna ba da shawarar tattauna buƙatun NDT a matakin ƙididdigewa don tabbatar da isasshen iyaka da takardu na gwaji.
T: Menene matsakaicin tsayin guda ɗaya da za ku iya bayarwa ga babban bututun da ke ɗauke da diamita (misali, 2,000mm OD × 25mm WT)?
A: Don 2,000mm OD × 25mm WT, za mu iya samar da tsayi ɗaya har zuwa mita 24 (kimanin ƙafa 80) don aikin LSAW. Ga diamita sama da 1,500mm, matsakaicin tsayi yawanci yana iyakance ne ta hanyar samuwar girman farantin da ƙuntatawa na sufuri. Da fatan za a tuntuɓe mu tare da takamaiman buƙatun girman ku (OD, WT, tsayi, adadi) don cikakken kimanta iyawa da ambaton lokacin jagora. Ga ayyukan da ke buƙatar tsayi fiye da iyakokin sufuri na yau da kullun (misali, >24m ga manyan diamita), za mu iya taimakawa tare da tsara ayyukan jigilar kaya gami da jirgin ruwa ko shirye-shiryen sufuri na musamman.
T: Shin kuna ba da ayyuka masu tsayi don tara bututu? Waɗanne jurewar za ku iya cimmawa?
A: Eh. Muna bayar da yankewa daidai gwargwadon tsayin da abokin ciniki ya ƙayyade tare da juriya mai tsauri. Daidaitaccen haƙurin tsayi shine +50mm / -0mm bisa ga buƙatun ASTM A252 da EN 10248. Ga ayyukan da ke buƙatar haƙuri mafi kusa, za mu iya cimma ±3mm ga diamita har zuwa 660mm (ERW) da ±5mm ga manyan diamita (LSAW) tare da ƙarin sarrafawa. Ana iya bin yankewa ta hanyar yankewa ta ƙarshe (kusurwar bevel 30°-35° tare da saukowa 1.6mm ±0.8mm) don walda butt na filin ko kammala ƙarshen fili kamar yadda ake buƙata. Da fatan za a ƙayyade buƙatun haƙuri a matakin ƙididdigewa.
T: Menene lokacin jagora na yau da kullun don bututun ASTM A252 GR.3 ko EN 10248 S355GP na bututun ruwa?
A: Lokutan da ake amfani da su wajen sarrafa bututun da aka samar da injin niƙa (ba daga hannun jari ba) suna ɗaukar kimanin kwanaki 30-45 don tsarin ERW da kuma kwanaki 45-60 don tsarin LSAW, ya danganta da yawan oda, diamita, kauri na bango, da takamaiman buƙatun gwaji. Umarnin gaggawa (kwanaki 20-30) na iya samuwa ga ƙananan adadi ko kuma don girman da aka samar daga kayan ajiya. Don ayyukan da ke buƙatar dubawa na ɓangare na uku (SGS, BV, DNV, da sauransu), ƙara kwanaki 5-10 don tsara lokacin dubawa da takardu. Don shafa (FBE, 3LPE, da sauransu), ƙara kwanaki 10-20 dangane da nau'in shafa da yawa. Da fatan za a tuntuɓe mu tare da jadawalin aikin ku don ambaton lokacin jagora na yanzu.
T: Wane takardu aka bayar game da kowace jigilar bututun ruwa?
A: Kowace jigilar kaya ta ƙunshi cikakkun takardu:
Takardar Shaidar Gwajin Masana'antu (MTC):bisa ga EN 10204 Nau'in 3.1 (ko Nau'in 2.2 / 3.2 bisa buƙata) gami da sinadaran da ke cikinsa, halayen taurin kai, da sakamakon gwaji masu dacewa
Rahoton Duba Girma:gami da OD, WT, tsayi, madaidaiciya, zagaye
Rahotannin Gwaji Marasa Lalacewa:Rahotannin UT (walda da jiki), rahotannin RT (idan an ƙayyade), rahotannin MPI
Takardun Bibiyar Abubuwan Da Suka Shafi Rayuwa:Bayanan gano lambar zafi zuwa bayanan gano bututun da aka gama
Jerin Shiryawa:cikakken jerin fakiti/bututu tare da adadi, girma, da nauyi
Sanarwar Takardar Kuɗin Kasuwanci & Shiryawa:don izinin kwastam
Takardar Asali:idan ƙasar da za a je ta buƙata (C/O, Form E, ko wani)
Rahotannin Rufewa:idan an shafa shafi (kauri, mannewa, gano hutu)
Don EN 10248 S355GP, ana iya bayar da ƙarin takardu waɗanda suka haɗa da sanarwar alamar CE da Sanarwar Aiki (DoP) idan an buƙata.
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