1. Bayanin Samfura - Menene Bututun Rufe Marasa Sumul na Ƙarfe?
Abututun ƙarfe mai ɗaurewa mara sumul(wanda kuma aka sani da abututun bimetal mai sumulkoCRA liyi sumul bututu) bututu ne mai aiki mai ƙarfi wanda aka ƙera ta hanyar haɗa shi har abadaLayer na ciki mai jure tsatsa (CRA)zuwa wanibabban ƙarfi / ƙarfin zafi mai jure wa carbon ko ƙarfe mai ƙarfe mai ƙarfita hanyar tsarin haɗa ƙarfe. Ba kamar bututun da aka yi wa layi da injina ba, layukan biyu suna samar da yankin yaɗuwar sikeli na atomic a mahaɗin - yana kawar da haɗarin rugujewar layin gaba ɗaya, ƙuraje, wrinkling, ko delamination a ƙarƙashin zagayowar zafi ko bugun matsin lamba.
Haɗin bututun da aka lulluɓe guda uku daga binciken da aka ambata suna wakiltar yanayi uku masu wahala na sabis:
● Haɗuwa ta 1: P265GH + TP304L– Karfe mai tallafi: EN10216-2 P265GH (tashar matsi / matakin tukunyar jirgi). Rufin ciki: Bakin karfe 304L. Ya dace da aikace-aikacen matsakaicin zafin jiki (≤450°C) kamar bangarorin bututun tukunya, masu musayar zafi, da bututun sinadarai inda akwai tururi da kayan lalata mai ɗan laushi.
●Haɗawa ta 2: X10CrMoVNb9-1 + UNS N08028– Karfe mai jure zafi: T91 ƙarfe mai jure zafi (X10CrMoVNb9-1). Rufin ciki: Alloy 28 (UNS N08028, ƙarfe mai ƙarfi na Mo/Cu austenitic). Wannan haɗin yana jurezafin jiki har zuwa 650°Cyayin da yake tsayayya da yawan sinadarin chloride, H₂S, da kuma harin acid na halitta. Ana amfani da shi don sassan dumama/sashen dumama a cikin boilers masu matuƙar tsanani da kuma a cikin na'urorin petrochemical masu yawan lalata.
●Haɗuwa ta 3: P265GH + UNS N08825– Karfe mai tallafi: P265GH. Rufin ciki: Incoloy 825 (ƙarfe mai ƙarfe na nickel chromium tare da Mo, Cu, Ti). Incoloy 825 yana ba da juriya mai kyau ga duka oxidizing da rage acid, kuma ya dace musamman donH₂S / CO₂ / sabis mai yawan sinadarin chloridehanyoyin kwararar mai da iskar gas, bututun saukar rami, da kuma na'urorin musanya zafi mai matsin lamba/zafi mai yawa.
Ana ƙera dukkan samfuran guda uku ta amfani datsarin haɗin ƙarfe mara sulɓi, kawar da dinkin walda mai tsayi wanda shine mafi rauni a cikin bututun da aka saka da walda.
2. Muhimman Fa'idodin Fasaha
| Riba | Bayani |
| Haɗin ƙarfe na gaskiya | Ƙarfin yankewa na haɗin gwiwa ≥300 MPa, ya wuce buƙatun API 5LD. Babu ƙuraje, rugujewa, ko rabuwar layin a ƙarƙashin zagayowar zafi. |
| Gine-gine marasa sumul | Dukansu ƙarfen baya da rufin CRA ba su da matsala - babu dinkin walda mai tsayi, wanda ya dace da aikin hydrogen mai ƙarfi da iskar gas mai tsami. |
| Haɗin kayan da aka keɓance | Zaɓuɓɓukan ƙarfe masu yawa (ƙarfe mai carbon zuwa T91) da kuma rufin CRA (ƙarfe mai niƙa 304L zuwa ƙarfen nickel) sun dace da buƙatun tsatsa, zafin jiki da matsin lamba. |
| Mafi girman tattalin arziki | Ana amfani da ƙarfe mai tsada ne kawai a ɓangaren tsatsa; jimlar farashin kayan ya fi ƙasa da bututun CRA mai ƙarfi wanda yake da matsi iri ɗaya da kashi 30-60%. |
| Cikakken bin diddigi da takardu | Takaddun shaida na EN 10204 Type 3.1/3.2, cikakkun rahotannin gwaji na sinadarai, na inji, NDT da hydrostatic. |
| Tabbatar da aikin filin | Ana samar da shi ga cibiyoyin samar da wutar lantarki da dama, matatun mai, da ayyukan ƙasashen waje a duk faɗin duniya. An tsara shi don walda ba tare da matsala ba. |
3. Cikakkun Bayanai - Haɗuwa Uku na Nassoshi (Bisa ga Bincike na Gaskiya)
| Sigogi | Haɗuwa 1 | Haɗuwa ta 2 | Haɗuwa ta 3 |
| Karfe Mai Baya (Na Waje) | EN10216-2 TC2 P265GH | X10CrMoVNb9-1 (T91) | EN10216-2 TC2 P265GH |
| Waje OD × WT (mm) | 63.5 × 4.88 | 60.3 × 5.18 | 63.5 × 4.71 |
| Rufin CRA (Ciki) | SA-213M TP304L | UNS N08028 (Alloy 28) | UNS N08825 (Incoloy 825) |
| Ciki OD × WT (mm) | 53.7 × 1.65 | 49.9 × 2.32 | 54.1 × 1.82 |
| Tsawon Ɗaya (m) | 6 | 6 | 6 |
| Nauyin Naúrar (kg/m) | 10.32 | 10.98 | 10.30 |
| Aikace-aikace na yau da kullun | Mai dumama zafi mai ƙarancin zafi na tukunyar jirgi, mai musayar zafi na sinadarai | Sashen tukunyar jirgi mai zafi sosai, bututun mai mai lalata sosai | Bututun mai/gas mai tsami, masu musayar zafi mai matsin lamba / zafin jiki mai yawa |
Ma'aunin da ke sama sun dogara ne akan ainihin tambayar abokin ciniki. Womic Steel na iya samar da waɗannan haɗuwa azaman daidaitattun ko daidaita girma da juriya bisa ga zane-zanen abokin ciniki.
4. Nutsewa Mai Zurfi a Kayan Aiki
4.1 Karfe Mai Baya (Layi na Waje)
EN10216-2 TC2 P265GH
●Daidaitacce:EN10216-2 (Bututun ƙarfe marasa sumul don dalilai na matsi). TC2 = Gwaji Nau'i na 2 (ya haɗa da gwaji mara lalata).
● Sinadaran da suka yi kama da:ASTM A106 Gr.B / A516 Gr.60.
● Yanayin zafin jiki:-10°C zuwa 450°C (na dogon lokaci).
● Muhimman kaddarorin:Kyakkyawan sauƙin walda, sassauci, da ƙarfin zafin jiki mai matsakaici. Ana amfani da shi sosai don bututun tukunya, tasoshin matsi, da masu musayar zafi.
X10CrMoVNb9-1 (T91 / P91)
● Daidaitacce:ASTM A213 T91 (bututu mara sumul) / A335 P91 (bututu).
● Tsarin ƙananan abubuwa:Karfe mai jure zafi mai ƙarfi (9%Cr, 1%Mo, V, Nb).
● Yanayin zafin jiki:Har zuwa 650°C.
● Muhimman kaddarorin:Kyakkyawan ƙarfin rarrafe, juriya ga iskar shaka, da kuma juriya ga tsatsa a yanayin zafi mai yawa. An fi so kayan da ake amfani da su wajen dumama ruwa da kuma bututun sake dumama ruwa a cikin tukunyar ruwa mai matuƙar tsanani.
4.2 Rufin CRA (Layi na Ciki)
SA-213M TP304L
● Daidaitacce:ASME SA-213 (Tukunyar ƙarfe mai ƙarfe mai austenitic, mai zafi da bututun musayar zafi mara sumul).
● Halaye:Bakin ƙarfe mai ƙarancin iskar carbon. Babu wani abu da ke haifar da jin zafi bayan walda. Kyakkyawan juriya ga tsatsa da iskar shaka.
● Iyaka:Bai dace da yanayin da ke ɗauke da sinadarin chloride ko kuma yana rage yawan acid ba. Ana amfani da shi a yanayin zafi sama da 450°C.
UNS N08028 (Alloy 28)
● Tsarin da aka fi sani:28%Cr, 31%Ni, 3.5%Mo, 1%Cu.
● Juriyar tsatsa:Yana da kyau a cikin yanayin sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, high chlorides, da H₂S. PREN = 38-40.
● Aikace-aikace:Ingantaccen sinadarin chloride, aikin sinadarin sulfuric acid, da kuma yanayin iskar gas mai tsami.
UNS N08825 (Incoloy 825)
● Tsarin da aka fi sani:42% Ni, 21% Cr, 3% Mo, 2.5% Fe, da Cu, Ti.
● Juriyar tsatsa:Ya yi fice a fannin oxidizing da rage acid. Ya yi matuƙar juriya ga H₂S, CO₂, chlorides, sulfuric da phosphoric acid.
● Aikace-aikace:Tubulan rijiyoyin mai da iskar gas mai tsami, hanyoyin kwararar ruwa a ƙarƙashin teku, sarrafa sinadarai masu zafi mai yawa, da na'urorin musanya zafi.
5. Tsarin Kera - Haɗin ƙarfe mara sumul
Kamfanin Womic Steel yana samar da bututun ƙarfe marasa matsala ta amfani da ingantattun hanyoyin sadarwa na ƙasashen duniya.simintin centrifugal + extrusion mai zafi + zane mai sanyi / birgima mai sanyihanya:
1. Simintin CRA mai amfani da centrifugal– An fara yin amfani da ƙarfe mai jure tsatsa (misali, 304L, Alloy 28, Incoloy 825) don samar da zobe/bututu mara komai.
2. Haɗakarwa da kuma fitar da zafi– Ana haɗa bututun ƙarfe na waje da bututun CRA na ciki, sannan a haɗa shi da juna a yanayin zafi da matsin lamba mai yawa. Haɗin ƙarfe yana samuwa tsakanin layukan biyu ta hanyar watsawa ta atomic.
3. Zane mai sanyi / birgima mai sanyi- Wurare da yawa suna rage diamita da kauri na bango zuwa daidai girman ƙarshe yayin da suke tace tsarin hatsi da kuma tabbatar da ingancin saman.
4. Maganin zafi- Zagayen maganin zafi da aka keɓance (daidaitawa, dumamawa, rage zafi) ana amfani da su bisa ga buƙatun ƙarfen baya da kuma rufin CRA.
5. Gwajin da Ba Ya Lalatawa (NDT)- Gwajin ultrasonic 100% na haɗin haɗin gwiwa da cikakken jikin bututu; duba yanayin eddy current don lahani na saman.
6. Kammalawa– Shirye-shiryen Bevel ga kowane zane na abokin ciniki. Ana iya amfani da man shafawa na CRA (rufewar tsiri) a kan fuskar bevel don hana narkewa da kuma tabbatar da juriyar tsatsa na walda mai girth.
7. Dubawa ta ƙarshe da takardu– Duba girma, duba gani, auna tauri. Cikakken fayil ɗin da aka tattara.
6. Aikace-aikace na yau da kullun & Nassoshi na Aiki
✅ Faifan bututun tukunyar wutar lantarki
●Bukatar:Sassan dumama mai zafi mai zafi/mai sake dumamawa dole ne su tsayayya da iskar shaka daga tururi (yana buƙatar T91) kuma su tsayayya da tsatsa daga iskar shaka daga raɓa (yana buƙatar layin ciki na CRA).
● Mafita:X10CrMoVNb9-1 (T91) + UNS N08028 (Alloy 28). Yana ba da ƙarfin 650°C na ƙwanƙwasawa da kariyar tsatsa ta ciki.
● Nassoshi:Sauya na'urar dumama mai ƙarfin 1000MW a China; aiki ya yi kyau fiye da shekaru 3.
✅ Rukunin sarrafa albarkatun ruwa na fetur
● Bukatu:Ana amfani da H₂S, NH₃, Cl⁻, da sauran nau'ikan sinadarai masu lalata. Bakin ƙarfe na yau da kullun yana fama da matsalar toshewar magudanar ruwa da kuma SCC.
● Mafita:Bututun P265GH + Incoloy 825 mai rufi. Karfe mai baya yana ba da ƙarfi; Incoloy 825 yana ba da cikakken juriya ga tsatsa.
● Nassoshi:Bututun musayar zafi don na'urar cire sinadarin sulfur a matatar mai ta Shandong. Rage farashi kashi 45% idan aka kwatanta da bututun ƙarfe mai ƙarfi na nickel.
✅ Layukan Tattara Man Fetur da Iskar Gas Mai Tsami
● Bukatu:Filin iskar gas mai yawan H₂S / CO₂ a bakin teku wanda ke buƙatar juriya ga aikin tsami da kuma ƙarfin zafin jiki mai kyau.
● Mafita:P265GH (ƙarfin zafin jiki mai kyau) + Incoloy 825 ko Alloy 28 cladding.
● Nassoshi:Tattara bututun reshe a wani bututun mai yawan sulfur a Kudu maso Yammacin China. Shekaru biyu na aiki ba tare da lalacewar tsatsa ta ciki ba.
7. Kula da Inganci da Takaddun Shaida
| Abu na Dubawa | Hanya / Daidaitacce | Faɗin |
| Sinadarin sinadarai | Na'urar auna karatu kai tsaye / OES | Kowace zafi - bincike daban don ƙarfe mai goyan baya da rufin CRA |
| Halayen taurin kai | Yanayin yanayi + yanayin zafi mai yawa (zaɓi ne) | Samfuran tsayi daga kowane Layer |
| Taurin tasiri | Charpy V notch (-20°C ko -40°C) | Karfe mai baya |
| Ƙarfin yanke fuska | Gwajin fitar da kaya (≥300 MPa) | Mafi ƙarancin samfuri ɗaya ga kowane tsari na samarwa |
| Tauri | HV / HRB / Leeb | Yankin hulɗa da ƙarfe mai goyan baya |
| Gwajin Ultrasonic | Tsawon tsayi & raƙuman shear (100%) | Ingancin haɗin gwiwa, laminations, lahani na ciki |
| Eddy current / kwararar ruwa | Cikakken tsayi | Lalacewar saman da kusa da saman |
| Gwajin Hydrostatic | Matsin ƙira na 1.5 × | Kowace bututu |
| Tsatsa tsakanin granular (zaɓi ne) | ASTM A262 Practice E (na 304L) | Kamar yadda aka nema |
| Girman hatsi (zaɓi ne) | ASTM E112 (don rufewar austenitic) | Kamar yadda aka nema |
Takardun Inganci:EN 10204 Nau'i na 3.1 (daidaitacce) ko Nau'i na 3.2 (tare da shaidar ɓangare na uku da aka ba izini). Ana iya shirya duba ɓangare na uku (SGS, BV, TÜV, DNV, ABS, LR).
8. Marufi da jigilar kaya
●Kariyar saman:Man hana tsatsa a waje; ramin ciki an rufe shi da iskar nitrogen.
●Kariyar ƙarshe:Murfin ƙarshen roba ko ƙarfe don hana lalacewar injiniya da shigar tarkace.
●Haɗawa:Maƙallan murabba'i mai kusurwa huɗu ko huɗu tare da madaurin ƙarfe; masu raba tsakanin layukan katako don guje wa hulɗa tsakanin ƙarfe da ƙarfe.
●Kula da danshi:Jakunkunan da ba su da ruwa da kuma jakunkunan busarwa a cikin naɗaɗɗen, sun dace da jigilar kaya a teku.
●Alamar:Kowace bututu an yi mata alama a sarari da lambar zafi, ƙayyadaddun bayanai, matakin kayan aiki, da tsawonsu. Jerin kayan da aka shirya da takardu masu inganci sun haɗa.
●Tashoshin lodawa:Shanghai, Tianjin, Qingdao (manyan tashoshin jiragen ruwa na China). Ana jigilar kaya ta hanyar kwantenoni na yau da kullun (20'/40'), rack mai faɗi, ko jirgin ruwa mai fashewa.
9. Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi (Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi)
Q1: Menene babban bambanci tsakanin bututun da aka lulluɓe da ƙarfe da bututun da aka lulluɓe da injina?
A: A cikin bututun da aka haɗa da ƙarfe, hanyar haɗin tana samar da haɗin yaɗuwa a sikelin atomic (ƙarfin yankewa ≥300 MPa). Wannan yana kawar da wrinkling, rugujewa ko rabuwa gaba ɗaya, waɗanda sune haɗarin da ake samu na bututun da aka yi wa layi a cikin injina a lokacin zagayowar zafi ko bugun matsin lamba.
T2: Me yasa ake amfani da T91 (X10CrMoVNb9-1) maimakon P91 a matsayin Layer na waje?
A: T91 da P91 suna da irin wannan sinadaran. T91 shine sunan bututu mara sulke (ana amfani da shi don bututun boiler mai ƙananan diamita, misali, lanƙwasa na superheater), yayin da P91 ake amfani da shi don bututu mai manyan diamita. T91 shine mafi kyawun zaɓi don yin U-bends na superheater da reheater.
T3: Menene bambanci tsakanin UNS N08028 (Alloy 28) da UNS N08825 (Incoloy 825)?
A: Alloy 28 yana da mafi girman Cr, Mo da Cu, wanda ke ba da juriya ga sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid da muhallin da ke da yawan chloride (PREN 38-40). Incoloy 825 ya ƙunshi ƙarin nickel, wanda hakan ya sa ya fi juriya ga rage acid da hydrofluoric acid. Hakanan gabaɗaya yana da inganci mafi kyau. Don takamaiman bincike na matsakaici, tuntuɓi ƙungiyar injiniya ta Womic Steel.
T4: Za a iya amfani da bututun P265GH + TP304L da aka lulluɓe don ɓangaren ƙarancin zafin jiki na tukunyar jirgi?
A: Eh. P265GH yana ba da ƙarfin matsakaicin zafin jiki da kuma iya haɗawa, yayin da rufin ciki na 304L yana hana tsatsa daga iskar gas mai ƙura (wanda ke ɗauke da sinadarin sulfurous acid). Ana ba da shawarar a rufe ƙarshen bututun bayan gwajin hydrostatic don hana tsatsa kafin a yi aiki.
T5: Za ku iya bayar da takaddun shaida na EN 10204 Type 3.2 da kuma shaidar wani ɓangare na uku?
A: Eh. Womic Steel tana da dogon haɗin gwiwa da SGS, BV, TÜV, DNV, ABS da LR. Za mu iya shirya shaidar gwaji ta ɓangare na uku (misali, tensile, UT) da kuma bayar da takaddun shaida na Type 3.2.
T6: Menene lokacin isar da waɗannan haɗakar bututun da aka lulluɓe?
A: Ga umarnin farko na haɗakarwa ta yau da kullun, isarwa yawanci yana ɗaukar kwanaki 60-90 (gami da siyan kayan aiki, fitar da kayan haɗin kai, kammala sanyi da gwaji). Ga haɗakar da aka riga aka samar da yawa (misali, P265GH+TP304L), ana iya rage lokacin jagora zuwa kwanaki 45-60.
10. Tuntuɓi Womic Steel – Mai ƙera Bututun Rufi naka
Idan kuna da buƙatu makamancin binciken bututun da aka lulluɓe da aka nuna a sama - ko kuma duk wani haɗin kayan waje / na ciki - tuntuɓi Womic Steel don neman shawara ta fasaha da farashin kasafin kuɗi.
Yanar Gizo: www.womicsteel.com
Imel: sales@womicsteel.com
Waya / WhatsApp / WeChat:
Victor: +86 15575100681
Jack: +86 18390957568
Womic Steel – An ƙera mafita na bututu mai rufi mai nauyin lita 316 don hidimar CO₂, tukunyar jirgi, na'urar musayar zafi, ƙarancin zafin jiki, da aikace-aikacen zafin jiki mai yawa.
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